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Financial Development and Monetary Policy Transmission

Author

Listed:
  • María Fernanda Meneses-González
  • Angélica María Lizarazo-Cuellar
  • Diego Fernando Cuesta-Mora
  • Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez

Abstract

This paper estimates the effect of financial development on the transmission of monetary policy. To do so, the paper employs a panel data set containing financial development indicators, policy rates, lending rates, and deposit rates for 43 countries for the period 2000-2019 and applies the empirical strategy of BrandaoMarques et al. (2020): firstly, monetary policy shocks are estimated using a Taylor-rule specification that relates changes in the policy rate to inflation, the output gap and other observables that are likely to influence monetary policy decisions; secondly, the residuals of this estimation (policy shocks) are used in a specification that relates lending or deposit rates to, among others, policy shocks and the interaction between policy shocks and measures of financial development. The coefficient on this interaction term captures the effect of financial development on the relationship between policy shocks and lending or deposit rates. The main findings of the paper are twofold: on the one hand, financial development does strengthen the monetary policy transmission channel to deposit rates; that is, changes in the policy rate in economies with more financial development induce larger changes (in the same direction) in deposit rates than is the case in economies with less financial development. This result is particularly driven by the effect of the development of financial institutions on policy transmission – the effect of financial markets development turns out to be smaller in magnitude. On the other hand, financial development does not strengthen the transmission of monetary policy to lending rates. This is consistent with a credit channel which weakens in the face of financial development in a context where banks cannot easily substitute short-term funding sources. These results highlight the relevance of financial development for the functioning of monetary policy across countries, and possibly imply the necessity of a more active role of monetary authorities in fostering financial development. **** Este trabajo estima el efecto del desarrollo financiero en la transmisión de la política monetaria. Con este objetivo, el documento utiliza una base de datos que contiene indicadores de desarrollo financiero, tasas de política monetaria, tasas de interés de créditos y depósitos para 43 países para el período 2000-2019 y aplica una estrategia empírica propuesta por Brandao-Marques et al. (2020): en primer lugar, se estiman choques de política monetaria por país utilizando una aproximación a la regla de Taylor que relaciona los cambios en la tasa de política con la tasa de inflación, la brecha del producto y otras variables observables que probablemente influyan en las decisiones de política monetaria; en segundo lugar, los residuos de esta estimación (choques de política) se utilizan en una especificación de un modelo panel que relaciona las tasas activas o pasivas con, entre otros, choques de política y la interacción entre choques de política y medidas de desarrollo financiero. El coeficiente de este término de interacción capta el efecto del desarrollo financiero en la relación entre los choques de política monetaria y las tasas activas o pasivas. Los principales hallazgos del documento son dos: por un lado, el desarrollo financiero fortalece el canal de transmisión de la política monetaria a las tasas de los depósitos; es decir, cambios en la tasa de política en economías con mayor desarrollo financiero inducen cambios mayores (en la misma dirección) en las tasas de depósitos que en el caso de las economías con menor desarrollo financiero. Este resultado está particularmente impulsado por el efecto del desarrollo de las instituciones financieras en la transmisión, ya que el efecto del desarrollo de los mercados financieros resulta ser de menor magnitud. Por otro lado, los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el desarrollo financiero no fortalece la transmisión de la política monetaria a las tasas activas. Esto es consistente con un canal de crédito que se debilita ante el desarrollo financiero en un contexto donde los bancos no pueden sustituir fácilmente las fuentes de financiamiento de corto plazo. Estos resultados resaltan la relevancia del desarrollo financiero para el funcionamiento de la política monetaria y posiblemente implican la necesidad de un papel más activo de las autoridades monetarias en el fomento del desarrollo financiero.

Suggested Citation

  • María Fernanda Meneses-González & Angélica María Lizarazo-Cuellar & Diego Fernando Cuesta-Mora & Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez, 2022. "Financial Development and Monetary Policy Transmission," Borradores de Economia 1219, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1219
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1219
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial development; monetary policy transmission; monetary policy shocks; desarrollo financiero; transmisión de política monetaria; choques de política monetaria;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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