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Determinantes de la Tasa de Ahorro: Una Perspectiva Internacional

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  • Martha Misas
  • Carlos Esteban Posada

Abstract

Existe una preocupación generalizada entre los economistas y los funcionarios de la política económica en el campo internacional acerca de la eventual insuficiencia del ahorro con respecto a las necesidades de un crecimiento económico alto y sostenido(2). En el caso colombiano la preocupación ha conducido a debatir el tema por parte de sus autoridades monetarias(3). Esa preocupación fue la fuente de nuestro interés por examinar el tema de los determinantes de la tasa de ahorro global (la relación entre el ahorro y el producto globales) en una perspectiva internacional. En las siguientes páginas se presentarán los resultados del examen. El análisis se concentró en varias series estadísticas de frecuencia anual del período 1984-1993 de una muestra de 26 países tanto desarrollados como en desarrollo, incluído Colombia. Las cifras pertenecen a la base de datos del Fondo Monetario Internacional(4). El método seguido corresponde, en términos generales, a lo que se denomina estudio de panel: combinación de un análisis de series de tiempo con otro de corte transversal. Aunque el método se puede resumir en los términos anteriores, cabe anotar que tiene dos importantes elementos que no son comunes en trabajos de panel. En primer lugar las estimaciones econométricas no se realizaron para un único grupo, el conformado por el conjunto total de los 26 países; por el contrario, se establecieron diversas clasificaciones de países y se aplicó el mismo modelo econométrico a cada subgrupo. Las diversas clasificaciones se lograron mediante el procedimiento denominado "análisis de cluster"(5) para obviar las arbitrariedades resultantes de comparar economías excesivamente heterogéneas y, e n particular, establecer la robustez de los resultados econométricos frente al cambio de cada muestra o subgrupo específico. En segundo lugar, el modelo econométrico fue escogido entre diferentes alternativas diseñadas para estudio de panel que permiten, a priori, tener en cuenta la posibilid
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Suggested Citation

  • Martha Misas & Carlos Esteban Posada, 1997. "Determinantes de la Tasa de Ahorro: Una Perspectiva Internacional," Borradores de Economia 068, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:068
    DOI: 10.32468/be.68
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Juan Carlos Echeverry G., 1996. "Short Run Savings Fluctuations And Export Shocks.Theory And Evidence For Latin-America," Borradores de Economia 3498, Banco de la Republica.
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    8. Masao Ogaki & Jonathan D. Ostry & Carmen M. Reinhart, 1996. "Saving Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Developing Countries: A Comparison," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 43(1), pages 38-71, March.
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    1. Guataqui, Juan Carlos & García-Suaza, Andrés Felipe & Rodríguez-Acosta, Mauricio, 2009. "Ahorro para el retiro en Colombia: patrones y determinantes," Documentos de Trabajo 5792, Universidad del Rosario.

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