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Technology, Opportunity & Access: Understanding Financial Inclusion in the U.S

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  • Nathaniel Karp
  • Boyd Nash-Stacey

Abstract

Although the U.S. is regarded as having a well-developed and deep financial system, financial inclusion continues to be a challenge for many communities and households. Using four databases with over 4 million data points and a PCA methodology, we developed the FIMI for 251 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, to help us identify the main determinants behind financial inclusion

Suggested Citation

  • Nathaniel Karp & Boyd Nash-Stacey, 2015. "Technology, Opportunity & Access: Understanding Financial Inclusion in the U.S," Working Papers 1525, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:bbv:wpaper:1525
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    8. Han, Rui & Melecky, Martin, 2013. "Financial inclusion for financial stability : access to bank deposits and the growth of deposits in the Global Financial Crisis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6577, The World Bank.
    9. Jenny Aker, Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney, 2011. "Zap It to Me: The Short-Term Impacts of a Mobile Cash Transfer Program - Working Paper 268," Working Papers 268, Center for Global Development.
    10. J Neill Marshall, 2004. "Financial Institutions in Disadvantaged Areas: A Comparative Analysis of Policies Encouraging Financial Inclusion in Britain and the United States," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(2), pages 241-261, February.
    11. Wojciech Kopczuk & Emmanuel Saez & Jae Song, 2010. "Earnings Inequality and Mobility in the United States: Evidence from Social Security Data Since 1937," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 125(1), pages 91-128.
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert Huterski & Agnieszka Anna Huterska & Justyna Łapińska & Ewa Zdunek-Rosa, 2020. "The problem of savings exclusion and gross savings in the new European Union member states," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 7(3), pages 2470-2480, March.
    2. Julie Birkenmaier & David Rothwell & Mary Agar, 2022. "How is Consumer Financial Capability Measured?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 654-666, December.
    3. J. Birkenmaier & Q. J. Fu, 2019. "Does Consumer Financial Management Behavior Relate to Their Financial Access?," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 333-348, September.
    4. Beatriz Fernández-Olit & Juan Diego Paredes-Gázquez & Marta de la Cuesta-González, 2018. "Are Social and Financial Exclusion Two Sides of the Same Coin? An Analysis of the Financial Integration of Vulnerable People," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 245-268, January.
    5. Luisa Blanco & Salvador Contreras & Amit Ghosh, 2022. "Impact of Great Recession bank failures on use of financial services among racial/ethnic and income groups," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 88(4), pages 1574-1598, April.
    6. Julie Birkenmaier & Qiang Fu, 2018. "Household Financial Access and Use of Alternative Financial Services in the U.S.: Two Sides of the Same Coin?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 139(3), pages 1169-1185, October.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banks ; Digital economy ; Economic Analysis ; Financial Inclusion ; Financial regulation ; Regional Analysis ; Research ; USA ; Working Paper;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior
    • D6 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics
    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General
    • R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - General

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