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Aspirations, attentes et réalités de la jeunesse dans un Etat fragile : le cas haïtien

Author

Listed:
  • Maud HAZAN
  • Claire ZANUSO
  • Rafael NOVELLA

Abstract

L’enquête Millennials en Haïti a été réalisée entre avril et mai 2018 auprès d’un échantillon de 860 jeunes de 15 à 24 ans de l’Aire Métropolitaine, résidant dans les communes de Port-au-Prince, Carrefour et Pétion-ville. Alors que près d’un cinquième de ces jeunes est aujourd’hui exclu du système éducatif comme du marché du travail, les inégalités sont nettes en termes d’aspirations et d’aptitudes suivant le genre, la situation scolaire et le statut dans l’emploi du jeune. En parallèle de cette enquête quantitative, des données qualitatives sur le quotidien et les aspirations des jeunes ont été collectées à partir de 4 focus groupes réalisés avec des jeunes, filles et garçons, âgés de 15 à 24 ans de la commune de Port-au-Prince. Ces informations qualitatives ont permis d’approfondir les différences d’opinion et de perception sur la situation actuelle et les perspectives des jeunes en Haïti suivant leur groupe d’âge et leur situation scolaire (scolarisés ou non). Malgré un contexte politique complexe, les embellies sont substantielles : une fréquentation scolaire en augmentation et des aspirations scolaires élevées, malgré une fréquentation actuelle du supérieur encore faible. Si les ambitions élevées des 15-24 ans sont élevées, ils ne sous-estiment pas pour autant les difficultés liées à leur réalisation, principalement le coût de l’éducation, le manque de ressources économiques, et la nécessité de travailler qui en résulte. Quant au constat de l’inégalité des chances, dans les réalités comme dans les attentes, il est sans appel : les jeunes déscolarisés et exclus du marché du travail accusent un retard uniforme en termes d’aptitudes déclarées comme de facultés cognitives mesurées. Les jeunes ayant abandonné les études pour débuter leur vie professionnelle se distinguent également par des résultats plus faibles, suggérant un défi majeur pour les politiques futures: lutter contre le décrochage scolaire, qu’il soit au profit d’une entrée précoce sur le marché du travail ou non.

Suggested Citation

  • Maud HAZAN & Claire ZANUSO & Rafael NOVELLA, 2018. "Aspirations, attentes et réalités de la jeunesse dans un Etat fragile : le cas haïtien," Working Paper 98e53f2a-19d2-4649-a3e5-6, Agence française de développement.
    • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr9219
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Cecilia POGGI & Juliette WALTMANN, 2019. "La (re)production des inégalités de genre dans le monde du travail : des discriminations légales à l’autonomisation," Working Paper 20fc1a1b-66df-4548-85a5-5, Agence française de développement.

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    Keywords

    Haïti;

    JEL classification:

    • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

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