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Transitions démographiques, inégalités et développement humain : analyse des fiches démographiques synthétiques pour 43 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne

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  • Hélène DJOUFELKIT
  • Serge Rabier
  • Eric KOBA

Abstract

La transition démographique désigne le passage d’un régime traditionnel où la fécondité et la mortalité sont élevées et s’équilibrent à peu près, à un régime où la natalité et la mortalité sont faibles et s’équilibrent également. Elle est accompagnée de changements dans les taux d’accroissement de la population : une croissance faible dans une première phase, lorsque les taux de mortalité et de natalité sont tous deux élevés, une croissance extrêmement élevée dans une seconde phase, lorsque la mortalité diminue, mais que la natalité reste forte, puis de nouveau une croissance faible dans une dernière phase, avec des taux de mortalité et de natalité tous deux faibles. Le processus de transition démographique a donc pour enjeux principaux l’évolution de la structure par âge de la population, et les défis inhérents à chaque étape de ce processus.Dans cette publication, nous allons montrer comment les transitions démographiques se déroulent au cours de cette dernière décennie dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, les différentes phases des évolutions de la mortalité, de la fécondité, d’âge au mariage des filles et les facteurs explicatifs de ces changements démographiques. Cela nous permettra de définir les groupes de transitions pour les pays et corrélativement d’établir comment les évolutions économiques et du développement en Afrique sont liées aux indicateurs de la transition démographique.

Suggested Citation

  • Hélène DJOUFELKIT & Serge Rabier & Eric KOBA, 2019. "Transitions démographiques, inégalités et développement humain : analyse des fiches démographiques synthétiques pour 43 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne," Working Paper 3aa12c2d-2052-42b2-b4f1-d, Agence française de développement.
  • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr10703
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pritchett, Lant H. & DEC, 1994. "Desired fertility and the impact of population policies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1273, The World Bank.
    2. Anda DAVID, 2019. "Réduire les inégalités. Propositions d’agenda pour la coopération internationale," Working Paper 73a7cfad-34cd-4de2-bb30-a, Agence française de développement.
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    Keywords

    Afrique;

    JEL classification:

    • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

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