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Examining the Decline in U.S. Per Capita Consumption of Fluid Cow’s Milk, 2003–18

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  • Stewart, Hayden
  • Kuchler, Fred
  • Dong, Diansheng
  • Cessna, Jerry

Abstract

USDA, Economic Research Service data reveal a persistent, downward trend in U.S. per capita consumption of fluid cow’s milk. Using data collected between 2003 and 2018 through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we identify changes over time in the amounts of fluid cow’s milk consumed by children, teenagers, and adults as well as the amounts each age group drinks as a beverage, pours into cereal, and adds to other types of beverages like tea and coffee. Results reveal that U.S. consumers of all ages are drinking less milk and milk drinks. Children are also consuming less milk with cereal. These declines prevent individuals from consuming a diet more in line with Federal recommendations. They also appear to reflect a combination of demographic and generational changes in the U.S. population as well as changes in the competitiveness of fluid cow’s milk and cereal with other beverages and breakfast options.

Suggested Citation

  • Stewart, Hayden & Kuchler, Fred & Dong, Diansheng & Cessna, Jerry, 2021. "Examining the Decline in U.S. Per Capita Consumption of Fluid Cow’s Milk, 2003–18," USDA Miscellaneous 316500, United States Department of Agriculture.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:usdami:316500
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.316500
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stewart, Hayden & Kuchler, Fred & Cessna, Jerry & Hahn, William, 2020. "Are Plant-Based Analogues Replacing Cow’s Milk in the American Diet?," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(4), pages 562-579, November.
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    3. Stewart, Hayden & Dong, Diansheng & Carlson, Andrea, 2013. "Why Are Americans Consuming Less Fluid Milk? A Look at Generational Differences in Intake Frequency," Economic Research Report 262223, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Binod Khanal & Rigoberto A. Lopez & Azzeddine Azzam, 2020. "Testing local bias in food consumption: The case of fluid milk," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(2), pages 339-344, April.
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    7. Diansheng Dong & Chanjin Chung & Harry Kaiser, 2004. "Modelling milk purchasing behaviour with a panel data double-hurdle model," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(8), pages 769-779.
    8. Stewart, Hayden & Dong, Diansheng & Carlson, Andrea, 2012. "Is Generational Change Contributing to the Decline in Fluid Milk Consumption?," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 37(3), pages 1-20.
    9. Cragg, John G, 1971. "Some Statistical Models for Limited Dependent Variables with Application to the Demand for Durable Goods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 39(5), pages 829-844, September.
    10. Hayden Stewart & Fred Kuchler & William Hahn, 2021. "Is competition among soft drinks, juices, and other major beverage categories responsible for reducing Americans' milk consumption?," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(4), pages 731-748, October.
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    1. Cessna, Jerry & DelCurto, Molly & Terán, Angel & Crouse, Joseph, 2023. "Documentation for the USDA, Economic Research Service Annual U.S. Dairy Sector Econometric Model," Technical Bulletins 338950, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

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