IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/uerser/307482.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Hedging Potential in Grain Storage and Livestock Feeding

Author

Listed:
  • Heifner, Richard G.

Abstract

The potential for shifting risk through hedging in commodity futures is analyzed for selected grain storage and livestock feeding situations. Results applying to various locations, grades, and/or classes are reported for wheat, corn, oats, cattle, and hogs. Hedging potential is measured in terms of risk-shifting effectiveness--the proportional reduction in the variance of profits that can be obtained through routine hedging. The study indicates that hedging provides an effective means of shifting risk in livestock feeding as well as in grain storage. For most of the situations studied, the level of hedging that minimizes overall profit risk ranges between 0.6 and 1.0 unit of futures per unit of cash commodity. About one-third to two-thirds of the price risk can be shifted through hedging at this level. Hedging effectiveness declines as the distance from the delivery point for the futures contract increases. Hedging effectiveness differs between classes of wheat and among the three wheat futures markets. Grade has little impact on hedging effectiveness in cattle feeding, however. Optimal hedging levels for individual firms are shown to be very sensitive to the firms’ price expectations.

Suggested Citation

  • Heifner, Richard G., 1973. "Hedging Potential in Grain Storage and Livestock Feeding," Agricultural Economic Reports 307482, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uerser:307482
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.307482
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/307482/files/aer238.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.307482?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Heifner, Richard G., 1972. "Optimal Hedging Levels and Hedging Effectiveness in Cattle Feeding," Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 24(2), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Gray, Roger W., 1961. "The Relationship Among Three Futures Markets: An Example of the Importance of Speculation," Food Research Institute Studies, Stanford University, Food Research Institute, vol. 2(1), pages 1-12.
    3. Richard G. Heifner, 1966. "The Gains from Basing Grain Storage Decisions on Cash-Future Spreads," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1490-1495.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Costa, Ecio de Farias & Turner, Steven C., 2001. "Price Risk Management For Peanut Meal," Faculty Series 16656, University of Georgia, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    2. Asplund, Nathan M. & Forster, D. Lynn & Stout, Thomas T., 1989. "Participation By Farmers In Forward Contracting And Hedging," 1989 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 2, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 270516, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. Martin, Larry & Groenewegen, John & Meilke, Karl, 1976. "Commodity Futures Markets-Hedging Opportunities for Ontario Pork Producers," Working Papers 245018, University of Guelph, Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    4. Glauber, Joseph W. & Powers, Nicholas J., 1985. "Inventory and Hedging Decision-Making Under A Multi-Period Planning Horizon and Price Uncertainty," 1985 Annual Meeting, August 4-7, Ames, Iowa 278562, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    5. Weaver, Robert D., 1981. "Agricultural Price Expectations: An Erroneous, but Better Approach to Measurement," 1981 Annual Meeting, July 26-29, Clemson, South Carolina 279390, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    6. Tabesh, Hamid, 1987. "Hedging price risk to soybean producers with futures and options: a case study," ISU General Staff Papers 1987010108000010306, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    7. Andreas Röthig, 2009. "Microeconomic Risk Management and Macroeconomic Stability," Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Springer, number 978-3-642-01565-6, December.
    8. Paul, Allen B., 1976. "Treatment of Hedging in Commodity Market Regulation," Technical Bulletins 158109, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    9. Patrick M. Parkinson, 1982. "Estimating the hedging effectiveness of Treasury bill futures: an alternative approach," International Finance Discussion Papers 196, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Bobst, Barry W., 1973. "Location Basis Variability Effects On Slaughter Cattle Hedging In The South And Southern Plains," Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 5(2), pages 1-5, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tabesh, Hamid, 1987. "Hedging price risk to soybean producers with futures and options: a case study," ISU General Staff Papers 1987010108000010306, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    2. Su, EnDer, 2013. "Stock index hedge using trend and volatility regime switch model considering hedging cost," MPRA Paper 49190, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Hranaiova, Jana & Tomek, William G., 2000. "Delivery Option In Futures Contracts And Basis Behavior At Contract Maturity," 2000 Annual meeting, July 30-August 2, Tampa, FL 21732, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    4. Hranaiova, Jana & Tomek, William G., 1999. "The Timing Option In Futures Contracts And Price Behavior At Contract Maturity," Working Papers 14740, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    5. Tomek, William G., 1996. "Commodity Futures Prices As Forecasts," Working Papers 127901, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    6. Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur & Dorfman, Jeffrey H. & Turner, Steven C., 2004. "A Bayesian Approach to Optimal Cross-Hedging of Cottonseed Products Using Soybean Complex Futures," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 29(2), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Xiaoyu Sun & Xiaoli Yang & Ruilong Zhang, 2022. "The Determinants of Grape Storage: Evidence from Grape Growers in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, December.
    8. Yves Jegourel & Philippe Chalmin, 2017. "The Dynamics of the Price of Raw Materials and Industrial Strategies in African Producer Countries: What are the Challenges?," Post-Print hal-03879779, HAL.
    9. Tumblin, Alan D. & Hauser, Robert J. & Garcia, Philip, 1986. "Incorporating Basis Expectation into Hedging Effectiveness Measures," 1986 Annual Meeting, July 27-30, Reno, Nevada 278171, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    10. Chiu, Wan-Yi, 2013. "A simple test of optimal hedging policy," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 83(4), pages 1062-1070.
    11. Hildreth, Clifford, 1979. "An Expected Utility Model of Grain Storage and Hedging by Farmers," Technical Bulletins 260635, University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station.
    12. Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa & Tomek, William G., 2001. "Income-Enhancing And Risk-Reducing Properties Of Marketing Practices," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20613, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    13. Bharat Ramaswami & Jatinder Bir Singh, 2006. "Underdeveloped spot markets and futures trading: The Soya Oil exchange in India," Discussion Papers 06-03, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi.
    14. Costa, Ecio de Farias & Turner, Steven C., 2001. "Price Risk Management For Peanut Meal," Faculty Series 16656, University of Georgia, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    15. Kastens, Terry L. & Dhuyvetter, Kevin C., 1999. "Post-Harvest Grain Storing And Hedging With Efficient Futures," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 24(2), pages 1-24, December.
    16. Dubman, Robert W., 1988. "Establishing Peanut Purchasing Contract Terms With Uncertain Market Prices And Input Supplies," Journal of Food Distribution Research, Food Distribution Research Society, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, February.
    17. Hranaiova, Jana, 2000. "Delivery Options In Futures Contracts And Basis Behavior At Contract Maturity," 2000 Conference, April 17-18 2000, Chicago, Illinois 18936, NCR-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management.
    18. Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur & Turner, Steven C. & Costa, Ecio de Farias, 2001. "Cross-Hedging Cottonseed Meal," Journal of Agribusiness, Agricultural Economics Association of Georgia, vol. 19(2), pages 1-9.
    19. Simmons, Phil, 1999. "Does Separation Theorem Explain Why Farmers Have So Little Interest In Futures Markets?," Working Papers 12933, University of New England, School of Economics.
    20. Prehn, Sören, 2020. "Minimum Variance Hedging: Levels versus first Difference," 60th Annual Conference, Halle/ Saale, Germany, September 23-25, 2020 305608, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:uerser:307482. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ersgvus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.