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Endogenous Initiatives As A Chance To Improve Rural Livelihood? Results Of A Case Study In Baltow, South-Eastern Poland

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  • Gramzow, Andreas

Abstract

Polish rural areas, compared to other EU-25 member states, still show a high agricultural employment due to a lack of job opportunities in other rural economic sectors. In particular, in South-eastern Poland the shut down of heavy industry companies in the early 1990s left many rural inhabitants only with small incomes from their peasant farms or pensions. In the commune Ba³tów (South-eastern Poland) in order to counteract these developments, local development associations and a regional partnership undertook initiatives to stimulate the regional economy by creating a tourism infrastructure. This paper presents a case study, conducted in Ba³tów, which analyses local problems, development chances, and experience with local endogenous initiatives. The main results of the activities undertaken by the development associations and the partnership are seen in the creation of different tourist attractions. The latter do not only provide inhabitants with new non-agricultural jobs. They are also offering new income sources for peasants and local businesses as a result of an increased demand for accommodations and other tourist services. The successful implementation of tourist facilities was due to the involvement of local inhabitants, the presence of leader personalities, the close cooperation with the local government, and the financial engagement of a local inhabitant. Workshops, seminars, and open meetings organized by the associations led to an increasing acceptance of the initiatives by the local society. The regional partnership, which combines different local and regional associations in their ambitions to connect tourist offers, also encouraged many inhabitants to contribute to further initiatives. In 2004, the regional partnership also applied for the pilot measure to implement the EU Initiative Leader+. The tourism activities in the region around Ba³tów cannot be seen as a straight response to the incomerelated problems of the local peasant farms and the lacking structural change in agriculture, but they constitute new perspectives for local businesses and additional non-agricultural income sources for farmers. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG TOURISMUS ALS EINE MÖGLICHKEIT ZUR ERHÖHUNG DES LÄNDLICHEN EINKOMMENS? ERGEBNISSE EINER FALLSTUDIE IN BA£TÓW, SÜDOSTPOLEN Ländliche Regionen in Polen weisen aufgrund eines Mangels an Arbeitsplätzen in nichtlandwirtschaftlichen Wirtschaftssektoren im Vergleich zu anderen EU-25 Mitgliedstaaten weiterhin eine hohe landwirtschaftliche Beschäftigung auf. Insbesondere in Südostpolen gingen infolge der Schließung von Betrieben der Schwerindustrie zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre viele nichtlandwirtschaftliche Arbeitsplätze verloren. Seitdem erzielten ein Großteil der ländlichen Bevölkerung ihr Einkommen lediglich aus ihren kleinbäuerlichen Betrieben oder aus Pensionen. Um diesen Entwicklungen entgegenzuwirken und die regionale Wirtschaft zu stimulieren, begannen Fördervereine und eine regionale Partnerschaft in der Gemeinde Ba³tów (Südostpolen)eine touristische Infrastruktur aufzubauen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine in der Gemeinde Ba³tów durchgeführte Fallstudie vor, in der lokale Probleme, Entwicklungspotentiale und Erfahrungen mit endogenen Initiativen untersucht wurden. Wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Aktivitäten der Fördervereine werden in der Schaffung unterschiedlicher Tourismusangebote gesehen. Letztere führten nicht nur zur Bereitstellung neuer nichtlandwirtschaftlicher Arbeitsplätze. Sie ermöglichten außerdem Kleinbauern und ansässigen Unternehmen, als Folge eines Nachfrageanstieges nach Unterbringungsmöglichkeiten und Tourismusdienstleistungen, neue Einkommensmöglichkeiten zu nutzen. Die erfolgreiche Einführung der Tourismusprojekte resultierte vor allem aus der Einbindung der lokalen Bevölkerung in die Aktivitäten, dem Vorhandensein von Führungspersönlichkeiten, der engen Zusammenarbeit mit den lokalen Behörden und dem finanziellen Engagement eines lokalen Akteurs. Von den Fördervereinen organisierte Workshops, Seminare und Versammlungen führten zusätzlich zu einer steigenden Akzeptanz der Aktivitäten bei der lokalen Bevölkerung. Die regionale Partnerschaft verbindet verschiedene lokale und regionale Vereine in ihren Bestrebungen, die Tourismusangebote zu koordinieren. Sie ermutigt ebenfalls viele Einwohner dazu, sich an den Initiativen zu beteiligen. Im Jahr 2004 bewarb sich die regionale Partnerschaft außerdem für die Pilotmaßnahme zur Implementierung der EU Initiative Leader+. Die Tourismusaktivitäten in der Region um Ba³tów können nicht als eine direkte Lösung für die einkommensbedingten Probleme der ansässigen Kleinbauern und den fehlenden landwirtschaftlichen Strukturwandel in der Region gesehen werden. Jedoch schaffen sie neue Perspektiven für lokale Unternehmen und eröffnen Landwirten zusätzliche nichtlandwirtschaftliche Einkommensmöglichkeiten.

Suggested Citation

  • Gramzow, Andreas, 2006. "Endogenous Initiatives As A Chance To Improve Rural Livelihood? Results Of A Case Study In Baltow, South-Eastern Poland," IAMO Discussion Papers 14900, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:iamodp:14900
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.14900
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    1. Gramzow, Andreas, 2006. "Local partnership as an incubator for rural development: the case of Debrzno, North-Western Poland [Lokale Partnerschaft als Inkubator für ländliche Entwicklung: Das Beispiel Dębrzno, Nordwestpolen," IAMO Discussion Papers 90, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    2. Gramzow, Andreas, 2005. "Experience with endogenous rural development initiatives and the prospects for Leader+ in the region Dolina Strugu, Poland [Erfahrungen mit endogenen ländlichen Entwicklungsmaßnahmen und Aussichten," IAMO Discussion Papers 89, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    3. Petrick, Martin, 2006. "Should the Government Finance Public Goods in Rural Areas? A Review of Arguments," Staff Paper Series 497, University of Wisconsin, Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    4. Petrick, M., 2007. "Why and how should the government finance public goods in rural areas? A review of arguments," Proceedings “Schriften der Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e.V.”, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA), vol. 42, March.
    5. Martin Petrick & Laure Latruffe, 2006. "Contractual Relations in Agricultural Credit Markets: A Hedonic Pricing Approach with Application to Poland," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 49-63, March.
    6. Hannah Chaplin & Sophia Davidova & Matthew Gorton, 2005. "Impediments to Employment and Enterprise Diversification: evidence from small-scale farms in Poland," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp102, IIIS.
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