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Explaining the Employment Effect of Exports: Value-Added Content Matters

In: Globalization and Welfare Impacts of International Trade

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  • Akira Sasahara

Abstract

This paper estimates and decomposes the impact of export opportunities on countries’ employment by using a global input-output analysis, focusing on the U.S., China, and Japan. The greater they export, the greater employment in the exporting countries. However, we first document that the number of jobs created per exports varies substantially across destination countries. We find that exports from sectors with higher domestic value-added contents such as natural resource, textile, and service sectors lead to a greater employment effect. As a result, cross-country differences in sectoral compositions of exports explain a large part of the variations in the employment effects across destination countries. Time series changes in the employment effect of exports come from changes in (1) the labor-to-output ratio, (2) input-output linkages, and (3) sectoral compositions in exports. Results suggest that the first channel worked to reduce the employment effect in all of the three countries we focused but the directions of the last two channels are different across the countries.
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Suggested Citation

  • Akira Sasahara, 2018. "Explaining the Employment Effect of Exports: Value-Added Content Matters," NBER Chapters, in: Globalization and Welfare Impacts of International Trade, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberch:14335
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    Cited by:

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    2. Wenzheng Liu & Yadong Ning & Shukuan Bai & Boya Zhang, 2023. "The Impact of Trade on Carbon Emissions and Employment from the Perspective of Global Value Chains—A Case Study of Chinese–Japanese–Korean Trade," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Hayakawa, Kazunobu & Ito, Tadashi & Urata, Shujiro, 2021. "Impacts of increased Chinese imports on Japan’s labor market," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    4. Boker Poumie & Herve Kaffo Fotio & Guy P. Dazoue Dongue, 2022. "The employment effects of intra‐African exports," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(4), pages 541-555, December.
    5. Jiyoung Kim & Sun Go, 2022. "Exports to China and Local Employment in South Korea," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 30(2), pages 197-214, March.
    6. Endoh, Masahiro, 2021. "The effect of import competition on labor income inequality through firm and worker heterogeneity in the Japanese manufacturing sector," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E16 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Social Accounting Matrix
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F60 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - General
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

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