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Reformas para América Latina después del fundamentalismo neoliberal

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  • CEPAL

Author

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  • Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo

Abstract

En el transcurso de la última década y media, América Latina ha llevado adelante profundas reformas económicas. En general, ellas han sido moldeadas por una modalidad específica y excluyente de capitalismo. Muy enmarcadas en el planteamiento de que existe sólo una forma eficaz de avanzar hacia una economía de mercado; una fórmula única, supuestamente adecuada para las más diversas realidades. Es lo que se ha denominado Consenso de Washington. Este libro aborda tres temas principales que están en la médula del enfoque, predominantemente neoliberal, que se ha estado aplicando por muchos de los reformadores de estos quince años. Nos abocamos a las políticas y reformas macroeconómicas, comerciales y financieras. Como queda de manifiesto a lo largo de ocho capítulos, el enfoque predominante en estas tres áreas explica en medida considerable los desilusionantes resultados alcanzados en lo concerniente al crecimiento y la equidad. A través de todo el texto, hemos adoptado un enfoque orientado al diseño de políticas, ofreciendo alternativas para abordar los desafíos macroeconómicos, comerciales y financieros que enfrenta la región. El bajo crecimiento del PIB, la aguda inestabilidad de la macroeconomía real y la inequitativa distribución del ingreso resultante, han sobrepasado con holgura los resultados positivos. Entre éstos, destacan una caída notable de la tasa de inflación, la disminución de los déficit fiscales y el dinamismo de las exportaciones. De hecho, no obstante esos avances, en el año 2005 (en comparación con 1990);, el latinoamericano promedio ha perdido terreno en la lucha del mundo por progresar y proveer más equidad. En efecto, en 2005 su ingreso promedio está más distante del bienestar económico de los ciudadanos de los países industrializados y de otras economías emergentes que lo que estaba en 1990, al inicio de las reformas neoliberales más intensas. A su vez, ese rezagado ingreso promedio involucra una distribución notablemente más regresiva que en las economías desarrolladas y en las de Asia Oriental.

Suggested Citation

  • Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo, 2005. "Reformas para América Latina después del fundamentalismo neoliberal," Copublicaciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1888 edited by Cepal, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col014:1888
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    Cited by:

    1. Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo., 2010. "Macroeconomía para el empleo decente en América Latina y el Caribe," ILO Working Papers 994590693402676, International Labour Organization.
    2. -, 2011. "Espaços ibero-americanos: a uma nova arquitetura do Estado para o desenvolvimento," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 3134 edited by Cepal.
    3. Ricardo Ffrench-Davis & Rodrigo Heresi, 2014. "La Economia Chilena Frente a la Crisis Financiera: Respuestas Contra-Ciclicas y Desafios Pendientes," Working Papers wp393, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
    4. Rosario Cervantes & Gerardo Fujii, 2012. "The Mexican trade liberalization process and its net effects on employment: 1988-2004," EconoQuantum, Revista de Economia y Finanzas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas, Departamento de Metodos Cuantitativos y Maestria en Economia., vol. 9(2), pages 81-97, Julio-Dic.
    5. -, 2008. "Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2007-2008: Macroeconomic policy and volatility," Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1067 edited by Eclac, September.
    6. -, 2010. "A hora da igualdade - brechas por selar, caminhos por abrir. trigésimo terceiro período de sessões da Comissão. Síntese," Documentos de posición del período de sesiones de la Comisión 3156, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    7. repec:ilo:ilowps:459069 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. -, 2010. "A hora da igualdade - brechas por selar, caminhos por abrir. trigésimo terceiro período de sessões da Comissão. Síntese," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 3156 edited by Cepal.

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