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The Choice of Return†Generating Models and Cross†Sectional Dependence in Event Studies

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  • BING XIANG

Abstract

. This paper examines the choice of return†generating models for event studies with contemporaneous event periods and industry clustering (CEPIC). The importance of specifying an appropriate return generating model in event studies with CEPIC is demonstrated by showing that if the return†generating model is the two†factor model, inferences based on the market model are invalid. Evidence that the two†factor model is a better return†generating model is presented. Both the analytical results and empirical evidence support the finding in Chandra and Balachandran (1990) that inferences using generalized least squares (OLS) on the market model are very sensitive to return†generating model misspecifications. The results in this paper indicate that the findings in earlier event studies with CEPIC based on the market model need to be interpreted with caution. Further, the contemporaneous dependencies in the two†factor model residuals are found significant for the majority of the sampled industries. That is, the industry index in the two†factor model cannot remove all the cross†correlations in the market†model residuals. Therefore, even with the two†factor model as the return†generating model, GLS may he a preferred method for estimation and inferences, and the test statistic for inferences has to be robust to the presence of cross†sectional dependencies. Finally, using an error components model, it is shown that the industry factor can explain on average 6.7 percent and 11.5 percent of variations in market model residuals, for daily and weekly returns, respectively. This implies that the industry effects are too important to ignore in event studies with CEPIC. Résumé. L'auteur examine le choix des modèles de calcul du rendement s'appliquant aux études d'événements groupés par périodes de simultanéité et par secteur d'activité. Il établit l'importance du choix d'un modèle approprié de calcul du rendement dans les études d'événements ainsi groupés, en démontrant que lorsque le modèle de calcul du rendement est un modèle à deux facteurs, les inférences basées sur le modèle du marché ne sont pas valides. Il justifie l'efficacité supérieure du modèle à deux facteurs pour le calcul du rendement Les résultats analytiques ainsi que la démonstration empirique corroborent les conclusions de Chandra et Balachandran (1990) selon lesquelles les inférences faisant appel aux moindres carrés généralisés relatives au modèle du marché sont très sensibles aux erreurs de choix du modèle de calcul du rendement. Les résultats de l'étude dont l'exposé suit révèlent que les conclusions des études antérieures d'événements groupés par périodes de simultanéité et par secteur d'activité, basées sur le modèle du marché, doivent être interprétées avec prudence. L'auteur constate, en outre, que les liens de dépendance simultanés observés dans les résidus du modèle à deux facteurs sont significatifs pour la majorité des secteurs d'activité échantillonnés. En d'autres termes, l'indice sectoriel dans le modèle à deux facteurs ne peut éliminer toutes les corrélations croisées dans les résidus du modèle du marché. Par conséquent, même si l'on a recours au modèle à deux facteurs pour calculer le rendement, il peut être préférable d'utiliser les moindres carrés généralisés pour produire des estimations et des inférences, et la statistique de test des inférences doit résister à la présence de liens de dépendance croisés. Enfin, à l'aide d'un modèle de composantes d'erreur, l'auteur démontre que le facteur sectoriel peut expliquer les fluctuations dans les résidus du modèle du marché, à raison, en moyenne, de 6,7 pour cent pour les rendements quotidiens et de 11,5 pour cent pour les rendements hebdomadaires, de sorte que les conséquences attribuables au secteur sont trop importantes pour être ignorées dans les études d'événements groupés par périodes de simultanéité et par secteur d'activité.

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  • Bing Xiang, 1993. "The Choice of Return†Generating Models and Cross†Sectional Dependence in Event Studies," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(2), pages 365-394, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:9:y:1993:i:2:p:365-394
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1993.tb00887.x
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    3. Cable, J & Holland, K, 1996. "Modelling Normal Returns in Event Studies: A Model-Selection Approach and Pilot Study," Working Papers 96-13, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Department of Economics.

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