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Executives' Legal Records and the Deterrent Effect of Corporate Governance†

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  • Robert H. Davidson
  • Aiyesha Dey
  • Abbie Smith

Abstract

We study whether the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms varies depending on the characteristics of the executives subject to these mechanisms, namely their “psychological type,” as proxied by their history of legal infractions. In particular, we examine insider trading, where we can compare the trading behavior of different types of executives in the same firm. We find that “recordholder” executives, that is, those with prior legal infractions, earn significantly higher profits from purchases and sales than nonrecordholder executives. Furthermore, the profitability of both purchases and sales is significantly increasing in the severity of the infraction. Governance mechanisms, such as blackout policies, lower profits of executives with only traffic infractions; however, profits for executives with serious infractions appear insensitive to blackout policies. Insiders with serious infractions are also more likely to trade during blackout periods and before large information events and are more likely to report their trades to the SEC after the filing deadline. Collectively, our evidence suggests that while governance mechanisms can discipline executives with minor offenses, they appear largely ineffective for those with more serious infractions. Dossiers juridiques des dirigeants et effet dissuasif de la gouvernance d'entreprise Les auteurs se demandent si l'efficacité des mécanismes de gouvernance d'entreprise varie en fonction des caractéristiques des dirigeants qui y sont soumis — plus précisément selon leur « type psychologique » tel qu'en témoigne leur historique d'infractions à la loi. Ils se penchent en particulier sur les délits d'initiés, qui leur permettent de comparer le comportement de négociation de différents types de dirigeants d'une même société. Ils constatent que les dirigeants qui ont un dossier juridique, soit ceux qui ont commis des infractions dans le passé, tirent de leurs opérations d'achat et de vente des profits sensiblement plus élevés que les dirigeants qui n'en ont pas. En outre, la rentabilité des opérations d'achat aussi bien que de vente augmente sensiblement avec la gravité de l'infraction. Les mécanismes de gouvernance, tels que les politiques d'interdiction, diminuent les profits des dirigeants qui n'ont commis que des infractions aux règlements de la circulation; les politiques d'interdiction ne semblent cependant pas avoir d'incidence sur les profits des dirigeants ayant commis des infractions graves. Les initiés qui ont commis des infractions graves sont également davantage susceptibles de négocier durant les périodes d'interdiction et avant les livraisons d'information importantes et de déclarer leurs opérations à la SEC après l’échéance. Dans l'ensemble, les données recueillies par les auteurs semblent indiquer que, même si les mécanismes de gouvernance peuvent avoir un effet dissuasif sur les dirigeants ayant commis des infractions légères, ils semblent en grande partie inefficaces dans le cas des dirigeants coupables d'infractions plus lourdes.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert H. Davidson & Aiyesha Dey & Abbie Smith, 2020. "Executives' Legal Records and the Deterrent Effect of Corporate Governance†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1444-1474, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:3:p:1444-1474
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12564
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