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Can Shareholders Be at Rest after Adopting Clawback Provisions? Evidence from Stock Price Crash Risk

Author

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  • Dichu Bao
  • Simon Yu Kit Fung
  • Lixin (Nancy) Su

Abstract

Using a propensity score matched sample and a difference‐in‐differences research design, we find that stock price crash risk increases after a firm voluntarily incorporates clawback provisions in executive officers' compensation contracts. This heightened crash risk is concentrated in adopters that increase upward real activities‐based earnings management and those that reduce the readability of 10‐K reports. Based on cross‐sectional analyses, we also find that the increased crash risk is more pronounced for adopters with high ex ante fraud risk, low‐ability managers, high CEO equity incentives, and low dedicated institutional ownership. Collectively, our results suggest that the clawback adoption per se does not curb managerial opportunism but rather induces managers to use alternative channels for concealing bad news, which may contribute to a greater stock price crash risk; and the increase in crash risk is more likely in cases where incentives are strong or monitoring is weak. Our results should be of interest to regulators and policymakers considering the effects of clawback adoption on the investing public. À l'aide d'un échantillon d'appariement des coefficients de propension et de la méthodologie de l'écart dans les différences, les auteurs constatent que le risque d'effondrement des cours augmente après l'incorporation volontaire de dispositions de récupération dans les contrats de rémunération des membres de la haute direction d'une entreprise. Ce risque d'effondrement accru se concentre chez les adoptants de ces dispositions qui intensifient la gestion à la hausse du résultat réel fondé sur les activités et chez les adoptants qui réduisent la lisibilité des rapports 10‐K. En procédant à des analyses transversales, les auteurs constatent également que le risque d'effondrement accru est plus marqué chez les adoptants qui se caractérisent par un risque de fraude ex ante élevé, des gestionnaires de faible compétence, d'importants incitatifs fondés sur les actions pour le chef de la direction et une faible proportion d'actionnaires institutionnels dont les intérêts sont ciblés. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de l'étude laissent croire que l'adoption de dispositions de récupération en soi ne contrecarre pas l'opportunisme des gestionnaires mais les pousse plutôt à recourir à des solutions de rechange pour dissimuler les mauvaises nouvelles, ce qui peut contribuer à accroître le risque d'effondrement des cours; au surplus, la hausse du risque d'effondrement est plus probable lorsque les incitatifs sont forts ou que le contrôle exercé est faible. Les résultats obtenus par les auteurs devraient intéresser les autorités de réglementation et les décideurs qui s'interrogent sur l'incidence de l'adoption de dispositions de récupération sur le public investisseur.

Suggested Citation

  • Dichu Bao & Simon Yu Kit Fung & Lixin (Nancy) Su, 2018. "Can Shareholders Be at Rest after Adopting Clawback Provisions? Evidence from Stock Price Crash Risk," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(3), pages 1578-1615, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:1578-1615
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12326
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    Cited by:

    1. Doron Reichmann & Rouven Möller & Tobias Hertel, 2022. "Nothing but good intentions: the search for equity and stock price crash risk," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 92(9), pages 1455-1489, November.
    2. Zunxin Zheng & Donghui Li & Tingyong Zhong & Tian Wang & Ling He, 2023. "CEO facial structure and stock price crash risk," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(S1), pages 873-905, April.
    3. Li, Qian & Liu, Shangqun, 2023. "Does alternative data reduce stock price crash risk? Evidence from third-party online sales disclosure in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    4. Lv, Dayong & Wu, Wenfeng, 2019. "Margin-trading volatility and stock price crash risk," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 179-196.
    5. Li, Donghui & Xing, Lu & Zhao, Yang, 2022. "Does extended auditor disclosure deter managerial bad-news hoarding? Evidence from crash risk," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    6. Zeyu Xie & Mian Yang & Fei Xu, 2023. "Carbon emission trading system and stock price crash risk of heavily polluting listed companies in China: based on analyst coverage mechanism," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-30, December.
    7. Patrick Velte, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of clawback provisions in management compensation contracts: a structured literature review on empirical evidence," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 13(3), pages 1417-1450, November.
    8. Hail Jung & Sanghak Choi & Junyoup Lee & Sanggeum Woo, 2022. "Corporate pledgeable asset ownership and stock price crash risk," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-28, December.
    9. Steven F. Cahan & Seokjoo Chang & Wei Z. Siqueira & Kinsun Tam, 2022. "The roles of XBRL and processed XBRL in 10‐K readability," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1-2), pages 33-68, January.
    10. Daoju Peng & Jianfu Shen & Simon Yu Kit Fung & Eddie C. M. Hui & Kwokyuen Fan, 2024. "The Valuation Effect and Consequences of Clawback Adoption in Real Estate Investment Trusts," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 68(2), pages 274-317, February.
    11. Liuyang Ren & Xi Zhong & Liangyong Wan, 2022. "Missing Analyst Forecasts and Corporate Fraud: Evidence from China," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 181(1), pages 171-194, November.
    12. Sanghak Choi & Hail Jung, 2021. "National Tax Service Connection and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from Korea," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 22(1), pages 83-107, May.
    13. Cha, Yunshil & Gill, Susan & Wong-On-Wing, Bernard, 2023. "Clawback policy enforcement: To disclose or not to disclose," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    14. Jiang, Fuxiu & Cai, Xinni & Nofsinger, John R. & Zheng, Xiaojia, 2020. "Can reputation concern restrain bad news hoarding in family firms?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).

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