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Identifying countries at risk of fiscal crises: High‐debt developed countries

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  • Betty C. Daniel
  • Christos Shiamptanis

Abstract

Crises in European countries in 2010 and beyond demonstrated that fiscal crises and sovereign default are not confined to emerging and developing countries. Advanced economies can sustain much larger debt‐to‐GDP ratios than emerging economies. But how much larger? Experience is heterogeneous both across countries and across time. What determines this heterogeneity? We show that a low growth‐adjusted interest rate, a large maximum value for the primary surplus and a strong surplus responsiveness to debt can support higher debt‐to‐GDP ratios without fiscal crisis. We use our estimates to assess fiscal crisis risk for nine high‐debt developed countries following the financial crisis in 2008. Our results imply that Ireland and Portugal lost access to financial markets because of the rise in growth‐adjusted interest rate, whereas Greece would have lost access regardless of the interest rate. Additionally, our results warn of potential future crises for Greece, Italy and Japan even if these countries remain in a low interest rate environment. Cerner les pays qui présentent un risque de crise financière : pays développés à endettement élevé. La crise des pays d'Europe de 2010 et par la suite a montré que les crises financières et de défaillance d'un emprunteur souverain ne sont pas limitées aux pays émergents et en développement. Des économies avancées peuvent soutenir un ratio dette/PIB beaucoup plus élevé que les économies émergentes, mais jusqu'à quel point? L'expérience est hétérogène à l'échelle des pays et du temps. Qu'est‐ce qui détermine cette hétérogénéité? Sont d'importants déterminants le taux d'intérêt adapté à la croissance, le plus haut excédent primaire qu'un pays peut atteindre et la réponse dynamique de l'excédent primaire. Nous montrons qu'un faible taux d'intérêt adapté à la croissance, une grande valeur maximale de l'excédent primaire et une forte réactivité à un excédent peuvent favoriser un plus grand ratio dette/PIB en l'absence d'une crise financière. Nous nous servons de nos estimations pour évaluer le risque de crise financière de neuf pays développés à endettement élevé à la suite de la crise financière de 2008. Nos résultats portent à croire que l'Irlande et le Portugal ont perdu l'accès aux marchés financiers en raison de la hausse du taux d'intérêt adapté à la croissance, tandis que la Grèce aurait perdu l'accès quel que soit le taux d'intérêt. De plus, nos résultats signalent le risque de crises financières à venir pour la Grèce, l'Italie et le Japon, même si le taux d'intérêt demeure faible dans ces pays.

Suggested Citation

  • Betty C. Daniel & Christos Shiamptanis, 2022. "Identifying countries at risk of fiscal crises: High‐debt developed countries," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 828-867, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:828-867
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12600
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel, Betty C. & Nam, Jinwook, 2022. "The Greek debt crisis: Excusable vs. strategic default," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).

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