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Risk sharing and export performance with firm heterogeneity

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  • Seung Hoon Lee
  • Byongju Lee

Abstract

We investigate how market uncertainty affects the export performance of a firm through financial frictions. We first extend Melitz's (2003) heterogeneous firm trade model by incorporating demand shocks, linking the demand uncertainties to the financing costs of firms. In this extension, the default probability is endogenously determined by a firm's productivity and demand uncertainty. Hence, firms with higher productivity or lower market uncertainty are offered lower interest rates and thus show better export performance. As an application, we also show that a risk‐sharing mechanism, that pools default risk for a certain group of firms, lowers the default risk. This mechanism allows banks to charge lower interest rates to the member firms and therefore ultimately improves their export performance in both extensive and intensive margins. We find a real‐world example of such a mechanism from business groups in Korea. Using Korean firm‐level data, we show that the more diversified the business group, the greater the likelihood that its member firms export and the bigger their export revenues. We also show that our results are robust to alternative explanations for Korean business groups’ export competitiveness. Hétérogénéité des entreprises : partage des risques et performances à l’exportation. Dans cet article, nous étudions la façon dont l’incertitude du marché peut avoir une incidence sur les résultats à l’exportation d’une entreprise par l’entremise de frictions financières. Nous prolongeons d’abord le modèle de commerce de Melitz relatif aux entreprises hétérogènes (le heterogeneous firm trade model de Melitz 2003) en y intégrant les brusques variations de la demande, permettant ainsi de corréler les incertitudes liées à cette même demande aux coûts de financement des entreprises. Dans ce prolongement, la probabilité de défaut est déterminée de façon endogène par la productivité et l’incertitude liée à la demande d’une entreprise. De ce fait, les entreprises jouissant d’une productivité accrue, ou ayant des incertitudes moindres face au marché, se voient offrir des taux d’intérêts plus faibles et affichent de meilleures performances à l’exportation. Dans ce cadre, nous montrons également qu’un mécanisme de partage des risques permettant à un certain groupe d’entreprises de mutualiser les risques de défaut, limite la probabilité qu’un tel cas de figure ne se produise. Ce mécanisme permet non seulement aux banques d’appliquer des taux d’intérêts plus faibles aux entreprises membres, mais également d’améliorer les performances à l’exportation de ces mêmes entreprises à la fois pour les marges intensive et extensive. Nous présentons un exemple concret d’un tel mécanisme issu de groupes commerciaux coréens. Grâce aux données recueillies au niveau des entreprises coréennes, nous montrons que plus un groupe commercial est diversifié, plus ses entreprises membres sont susceptibles d’exporter, et donc d’augmenter leurs gains à l’exportation. Nous montrons également que nos résultats sont robustes aux explications alternatives relativement à la compétitivité à l’exportation des groupes commerciaux coréens.

Suggested Citation

  • Seung Hoon Lee & Byongju Lee, 2020. "Risk sharing and export performance with firm heterogeneity," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(2), pages 665-719, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:665-719
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12440
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    References listed on IDEAS

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