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The Impact of Gender Inequality on GDP in EU Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Juhásová Simona

    (Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance, Slovakia)

  • Buleca Ján

    (Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance, Slovakia)

  • Tóth Peter

    (Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance, Slovakia)

  • Mirdala Rajmund

    (Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Economics, Department of Economics, Slovakia)

Abstract

In recent years, gender inequality has been considered the main characteristic of insufficient gross domestic product (GDP) growth. This paper discusses the evolution of GDP per capita in 21 countries of the European Union between 2015 and 2019. Using panel regression, we investigated the change in GDP per capita through five variables. The analysis results showed that female employment rate is the most statistically significant and positive variable on GDP. Gender Equality Index also appeared to be an essential variable. The second part of our analysis consisted of an explanatory spatial data analysis of all variables to examine the spatial dimension of the variables. To explain spatial econometrics, we used selected methods, namely, choropleth maps, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster analysis, Moran‘s scatter plots, and Moran‘s I statistics. Based on the visualization of choropleth maps, GDP per capita did not change during the observed period, even though the values of the explanatory variables changed. For GDP per capita, the same applies in the case of LISA cluster analysis. At the end of the monitored period, the countries were included in the same cluster as at the beginning. When plotting Moran‘s scatter plot, it was found that GDP per capita did not tend to have positive or negative spatial autocorrelation or no spatial autocorrelation. Moran‘s I statistic showed that GDP per capita values were not randomly dispersed; they were grouped according to a specific formula into clusters.

Suggested Citation

  • Juhásová Simona & Buleca Ján & Tóth Peter & Mirdala Rajmund, 2023. "The Impact of Gender Inequality on GDP in EU Countries," Central European Journal of Public Policy, Sciendo, vol. 17(2), pages 13-32, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:cejopp:v:17:y:2023:i:2:p:13-32:n:7
    DOI: 10.2478/cejpp-2023-0011
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anderson, Edward, 2022. "The correlates of declining income inequality among emerging and developing economies during the 2000s," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    2. Liu, Jing & Xu, Shu, 2023. "Retirement policy, employment status, and gender pay gap in urban China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender inequality; gender policy; spatial econometrics; European Union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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