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Sticks, Carrots, and Reforestation Investment

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Listed:
  • Daowei Zhang
  • Warren A. Flick

Abstract

Environmental regulations and public financial assistance programs are the typical ``sticks’ ’ and ``carrots’ ’ facing non-industrial private forest (NIPF)landowners in the U.S. This paper presents a theoretical framework and empirical evidence on the impacts of the Endangered Species Act and public financial assistance programs - cost-share programs and a tax incentive program - on reforestation investment behavior. The results indicate that NIPF landowners’ reforestation investments are influenced negatively by environmental regulations and positively by public financial assistance programs. The results imply that both sticks and carrots can be used simultaneously to influence NIPF landowners’ reforestation behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • Daowei Zhang & Warren A. Flick, 2001. "Sticks, Carrots, and Reforestation Investment," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 77(3), pages 443-456.
    • Handle: RePEc:uwp:landec:v:77:y:2001:i:3:p:443-456
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jeff Romm & Courtland Washburn & Raul Tuazon & Judy Bendix, 1987. "Public Subsidy and Private Forestry Investment: Analyzing the Selectivity and Leverage of a Common Policy Form," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 63(2), pages 153-167.
    2. Hyde, William F., 1989. "Marginal Costs of Managing Endangered Species:The Case of the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker," Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 41(2), pages 1-8.
    3. Jerry Blomberg & Mats Nilsson, 1997. "Institutional Arrangements and Firm Behavior: The Case of Common Forests in Sweden," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(2), pages 401-408, June.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q23 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Forestry

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