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Changement climatique et migrations : un nouveau regard à travers les migrations nomades dans la Chine historique

Author

Listed:
  • Olivier DAMETTE

    (BETA, Université de Lorraine)

  • Qing PEI

    (The Education University of Hong-Kong, Department of Social Sciences, Hong-Kong)

Abstract

Nous analysons l’impact des variations climatiques sur les mouvements migratoires des nomades à travers une étude cliométrique sur deux mille ans d’histoire de la Chine Impé-riale. Nos résultats économétriques permettent d’identifier des sous-régimes temporels et climatiques à travers une analyse de séries temporelles non linéaire. Lorsque les pluies se sont avérées insuffisantes, les migrations des nomades du Nord au Sud de la Chine se sont intensifiées. Dans ces régimes, les températures, probablement trop élevées, ont accentué ce phénomène, ce qui n’avait pas été détecté dans la littérature. Si le rôle des précipita-tions a peut-être été quelque peu surévalué, le rôle des variations de températures, du moins l’interaction entre les variables climatiques, a peut-être été sous-estimé. Le chan-gement climatique, en modifiant les rendements des terres des nomades « pastoralists » dans les régimes climatiques arides ou semi-arides, a été à l’origine de nombreux mouve-ments migratoires. Les populations nomades se sont adaptées au changement climatique en se dirigeant vers le Sud où les cultures agricoles étaient plus propices à se développer. Cependant, ces mouvements ont probablement été à l’origine de nombreux conflits inter-personnels initiés par les nomades et auxquels les « agriculturalists » du Sud ont répondu. Ces résultats alertent sur les liens entre le changement climatique, les migrations et les conflits qui peuvent s’accroître dans les pays en développement dans les années à venir.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier DAMETTE & Qing PEI, 2020. "Changement climatique et migrations : un nouveau regard à travers les migrations nomades dans la Chine historique," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 51, pages 17-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:tou:journl:v:51:y:2020:p:17-30
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climat ; Migrations de nomades ; Chine historique ; Modèle non linéaire de séries temporelles;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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