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Diversify More or Less? Household Income Generation Strategies and Food Security in Rural Nigeria

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  • Sènakpon F. A. Dedehouanou
  • John McPeak

Abstract

We provide new findings on rural livelihood diversification in Nigeria, using panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). To a large extent, the patterns and the implications of livelihood diversification have been analysed using cross sectional data and a narrow definition of food security in previous studies. In some cases, analysis has been conducted in the absence of shock experiences. We find that some results about the determinants of income diversification in cross sectional analysis also hold true in the panel data setting, while others are only revealed due to the panel nature of the data set. We find that the relationship between wealth and income diversification in rural Nigeria is best categorised as upward sloping with diminishing marginal effects rather than a U shape or an inverted U shape as found in previous studies. We also find that income diversification favours food accessibility, food availability, and food utilisation, and therefore resilience capacities overall. We do not find any evidence that income diversification mitigates or aggravates the impact of shocks, as shock experiences appear to negatively affect food security in spite of income diversification.

Suggested Citation

  • Sènakpon F. A. Dedehouanou & John McPeak, 2020. "Diversify More or Less? Household Income Generation Strategies and Food Security in Rural Nigeria," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(3), pages 560-577, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:56:y:2020:i:3:p:560-577
    DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2019.1585814
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    Cited by:

    1. Ma, Wanglin & Vatsa, Puneet & Zheng, Hongyun & Rahut, Dil Bahadur, 2022. "Nonfarm employment and consumption diversification in rural China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 582-598.
    2. Loan Vu & Anu Rammohan, 2022. "Is There an Informal Employment Penalty in Food Security? Evidence from Rural Vietnam," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(6), pages 2923-2947, December.
    3. Elisabetta Gotor & Muhammed Abdella Usman & Martina Occelli & Basazen Fantahun & Carlo Fadda & Yosef Gebrehawaryat Kidane & Dejene Mengistu & Afewerki Yohannes Kiros & Jemal Nurhisen Mohammed & Mekone, 2021. "Wheat Varietal Diversification Increases Ethiopian Smallholders’ Food Security: Evidence from a Participatory Development Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Toba Stephen Olasehinde & Fangbin Qiao & Shiping Mao, 2023. "Impact of Improved Maize Varieties on Production Efficiency in Nigeria: Separating Technology from Managerial Gaps," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Masanori Matsuura‐Kannari & Yir‐Hueih Luh & Abu Hayat Md. Saiful Islam, 2023. "Weather shocks, livelihood diversification, and household food security: Empirical evidence from rural Bangladesh," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(4), pages 455-470, July.
    6. Ansah, Isaac Gershon K. & Kotu, Bekele Hundie & Manda, Julius & Muthoni, Francis & Azzarri, Carlo, 2023. "Mediation and moderation roles of resilience capacity in the shock–food-security nexus in northern Ghana," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    7. Wenmei Liao & Jiawei Wang & Ying Lin & Yao Wang, 2021. "Chronic Illness and Income Diversification in Rural China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-15, March.
    8. Mark Musumba & Cheryl A. Palm & Adam M. Komarek & Patrick K. Mutuo & Bocary Kaya, 2022. "Household livelihood diversification in rural Africa," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 53(2), pages 246-256, March.
    9. Zoungrana, Amelie, 2022. "Income diversification and food security:evidence from Burkina Faso," MPRA Paper 112337, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Jin, Shaoze & Min, Shi & Huang, Jikun & Waibel, Hermann, 2021. "Falling price induced diversification strategies and rural inequality: Evidence of smallholder rubber farmers," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    11. Jinyu Shen & Wei Duan & Yuqi Wang & Yijing Zhang, 2022. "Household Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change in West China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, January.
    12. Islam, Masanori Matsuura Yir-Huieh Luh Abu Hayat Md. Saiful, 2021. "Climate Variability, Livelihood Diversification, and Household Food Security in Bangladesh," 2021 ASAE 10th International Conference (Virtual), January 11-13, Beijing, China 329402, Asian Society of Agricultural Economists (ASAE).
    13. Amolegbe, Khadijat B. & Upton, Joanna & Bageant, Elizabeth & Blom, Sylvia, 2021. "Food price volatility and household food security: Evidence from Nigeria," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

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