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Aid versus sanctions for taming oppressors: theory and case study of the Iraqi Kurds

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  • Jean-Paul Azam
  • Tahsin Saadi-Sedik

Abstract

We model an oppressor aiming at victimizing an excluded group in his country, with two main variants. A foreign power affects his behaviour using either conditional aid, subject to the dictator's participation constraint, or the threat of sanctions, broadly defined, subject to the credibility constraint. The choice between the two is either determined by the latter, or by their relative cost. Aid is preferred when the threat of sanctions is ineffective, and sanctions are too expensive. Sanctions might be imposed, if the threat is ineffective. A case study of the Iraqi Kurds after Iraq was subject to sanctions is presented.

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File URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1024269042000201935
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Bibliographic Info

Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Defence and Peace Economics.

Volume (Year): 15 (2004)
Issue (Month): 4 ()
Pages: 343-364

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Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:15:y:2004:i:4:p:343-364

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Related research

Keywords: Aid; Sanctions; Threats; Oppressors; Credibility; Iraqi Kurds JEL: N40-N45-O19-P45;

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Cited by:
  1. Jean-Paul Azam & Véronique Thelen, 2008. "The roles of foreign aid and education in the war on terror," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 135(3), pages 375-397, June.
  2. Azam, Jean-Paul, 2008. "Macroeconomic Agenda for Fiscal Policy and Aid Effectiveness in Post-Conflict Countries," IDEI Working Papers 539, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse.
  3. Azam, Jean-Paul, 2005. "Can the Peace Be Imported?," IDEI Working Papers 356, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse.

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