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Pressure-Dependent EPANET Extension

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  • Calvin Siew
  • Tiku Tanyimboh

Abstract

In water distribution systems (WDSs), the available flow at a demand node is dependent on the pressure at that node. When a network is lacking in pressure, not all consumer demands will be met in full. In this context, the assumption that all demands are fully satisfied regardless of the pressure in the system becomes unreasonable and represents the main limitation of the conventional demand driven analysis (DDA) approach to WDS modelling. A realistic depiction of the network performance can only be attained by considering demands to be pressure dependent. This paper presents an extension of the renowned DDA based hydraulic simulator EPANET 2 to incorporate pressure-dependent demands. This extension is termed “EPANET-PDX” (pressure-dependent extension) herein. The utilization of a continuous nodal pressure-flow function coupled with a line search and backtracking procedure greatly enhance the algorithm’s convergence rate and robustness. Simulations of real life networks consisting of multiple sources, pipes, valves and pumps were successfully executed and results are presented herein. Excellent modelling performance was achieved for analysing both normal and pressure deficient conditions of the WDSs. Detailed computational efficiency results of EPANET-PDX with reference to EPANET 2 are included as well. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Calvin Siew & Tiku Tanyimboh, 2012. "Pressure-Dependent EPANET Extension," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(6), pages 1477-1498, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:26:y:2012:i:6:p:1477-1498
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9968-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. P. Sivakumar & Nikolai B. Gorev & Rajesh Gupta & Tiku T. Tanyimboh & Inna F. Kodzhespirova & C. R. Suribabu, 2020. "Effects of Non-Zero Minimum Pressure Heads in Non-iterative Application of EPANET 2 in Pressure-Dependent Volume-Driven Analysis of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(15), pages 5047-5059, December.
    2. Salah Saleh & Tiku Tanyimboh, 2013. "Coupled Topology and Pipe Size Optimization of Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(14), pages 4795-4814, November.
    3. Ping He & Tao Tao & Kunlun Xin & Shuping Li & Hexiang Yan, 2016. "Modelling Water Distribution Systems with Deficient Pressure: An Improved Iterative Methodology," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(2), pages 593-606, January.
    4. Calvin Siew & Tiku Tanyimboh, 2012. "Penalty-Free Feasibility Boundary Convergent Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for the Optimization of Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(15), pages 4485-4507, December.
    5. Sanjeeb Mohapatra & Aabha Sargaonkar & Pawan Labhasetwar, 2014. "Distribution Network Assessment using EPANET for Intermittent and Continuous Water Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3745-3759, September.
    6. Tonino Liserra & Marco Maglionico & Valentina Ciriello & Vittorio Di Federico, 2014. "Evaluation of Reliability Indicators for WDNs with Demand-Driven and Pressure-Driven Models," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1201-1217, March.
    7. Ping He & Tao Tao & Kunlun Xin & Shuping Li & Hexiang Yan, 2016. "Modelling Water Distribution Systems with Deficient Pressure: An Improved Iterative Methodology," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(2), pages 593-606, January.
    8. P. Sivakumar & R. Prasad, 2014. "Simulation of Water Distribution Network under Pressure-Deficient Condition," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 3271-3290, August.
    9. Andrea Menapace & Diego Avesani & Maurizio Righetti & Alberto Bellin & Giuseppe Pisaturo, 2018. "Uniformly Distributed Demand EPANET Extension," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(6), pages 2165-2180, April.
    10. Nikolai Gorev & Inna Kodzhespirova, 2013. "Noniterative Implementation of Pressure-Dependent Demands Using the Hydraulic Analysis Engine of EPANET 2," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(10), pages 3623-3630, August.
    11. Yu. Kovalenko & N. Gorev & I. Kodzhespirova & E. Prokhorov & G. Trapaga, 2014. "Convergence of a Hydraulic Solver with Pressure-Dependent Demands," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(4), pages 1013-1031, March.
    12. Andrea Menapace & Diego Avesani, 2019. "Global Gradient Algorithm Extension to Distributed Pressure Driven Pipe Demand Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(5), pages 1717-1736, March.
    13. Nikolai B. Gorev & Vyacheslav N. Gorev & Inna F. Kodzhespirova & Igor A. Shedlovsky & P. Sivakumar, 2022. "Dealing with Zero Flows in the Simulation of Water Distribution Networks with Low-Resistance Pipes Using the Global Gradient Algorithm," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(5), pages 1679-1691, March.
    14. D. Paez & C. R. Suribabu & Y. Filion, 2018. "Method for Extended Period Simulation of Water Distribution Networks with Pressure Driven Demands," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(8), pages 2837-2846, June.
    15. Shweta Rathi & Rajesh Gupta & Swapnil Kamble & Aabha Sargaonkar, 2016. "Risk Based Analysis for Contamination Event Selection and Optimal Sensor Placement for Intermittent Water Distribution Network Security," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(8), pages 2671-2685, June.
    16. Carlo Ciaponi & Luigi Franchioli & Enrico Murari & Sergio Papiri, 2015. "Procedure for Defining a Pressure-Outflow Relationship Regarding Indoor Demands in Pressure-Driven Analysis of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(3), pages 817-832, February.

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