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Nodal Analysis of Urban Water Distribution Networks

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  • Ioan Sarbu

Abstract

There are three methods for analysing the flow and pressure distribution in looped water supply networks (the loop method, the node method, the pipe method), accounting for the chosen unknown hydraulic parameters. For all of these methods, the nonlinear system of equations can be solved using iterative procedures (Hardy–Cross, Newton–Raphson, linear theory). In the cases of the extension or the rehabilitation of distribution networks, the unknown parameters are the hydraulic heads at nodes, and the nodal method for network analysis is preferred. In this paper, a generalised classic model is developed for the nodal analysis of complex looped systems with non-standard network components and the solvability of new problems, along with the determination of the pressure state in the system. In addition, this paper exhibits a different approach to this problem by using the variational formulation method for the development of a new analysis model based on unconditioned optimisation techniques. This model has the advantage of using a specialised optimisation algorithm, which directly minimises an objective multivariable function without constraints, implemented in a computer program. The two proposed models are compared with the classic Hardy–Cross method, and the results indicated a good performance of these models. Finally, a study is performed regarding the implications of the long-term operation of the pipe network on energy consumption using these models. The new models can serve as guidelines to supplement existing procedures of network analysis. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Ioan Sarbu, 2014. "Nodal Analysis of Urban Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 3143-3159, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:28:y:2014:i:10:p:3143-3159
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-014-0660-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Önder Ekinci & Haluk Konak, 2009. "An Optimization Strategy for Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(1), pages 169-185, January.
    2. M. Tabesh & A. Yekta & R. Burrows, 2009. "An Integrated Model to Evaluate Losses in Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(3), pages 477-492, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hui Zhang & Xin Cheng & Tinglin Huang & Haibing Cong & Jinlan Xu, 2017. "Hydraulic Analysis of Water Distribution Systems Based on Fixed Point Iteration Method," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(5), pages 1605-1618, March.

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