IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/jecfin/v45y2021i2d10.1007_s12197-020-09524-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing macro-prudential policies: the case of FX lending

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Sigmund

    (Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB))

Abstract

This paper analyzes effectiveness and side effects of pre Basel III macroprudential policy measures to reduce excessive foreign currency (FX) lending growth in Austria to the private non-financial sector. Our series of macroprudential measures were introduced in 2003, 2008, 2010 and 2013. For assessing their effectiveness, we set up a Cournot oligopoly model with two types of loans and intra-firm competition, and apply a simultaneous equation panel model to estimate the model parameters for a quarterly data set of around 750 Austrian banks from 1998 to 2016. Our results indicate that the legally binding measures starting in 2010 were more effective than previous legally non binding measures in curbing FX lending, while banks simultaneously substituting these loans with euro loans. We show that these macroprudential measures are also effective with regard to reducing the identified risks and efficiently avoid unintended negative side effects such as credit crunches.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Sigmund, 2021. "Assessing macro-prudential policies: the case of FX lending," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 45(2), pages 316-359, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jecfin:v:45:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s12197-020-09524-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s12197-020-09524-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12197-020-09524-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12197-020-09524-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leroy, Aurélien & Lucotte, Yannick, 2019. "Competition and credit procyclicality in European banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 237-251.
    2. Altunbas, Yener & Binici, Mahir & Gambacorta, Leonardo, 2018. "Macroprudential policy and bank risk," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 203-220.
    3. José David Garcia Revelo & Yannick Lucotte & Florian Pradines-Jobet, 2020. "Macroprudential and monetary policies: The need to dance the Tango in harmony," Post-Print hal-03532430, HAL.
    4. Claessens, Stijn & Ghosh, Swati R. & Mihet, Roxana, 2013. "Macro-prudential policies to mitigate financial system vulnerabilities," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 153-185.
    5. Franch, Fabio & Nocciola, Luca & Żochowski, Dawid, 2021. "Cross-border effects of prudential regulation: Evidence from the euro area," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    6. Brzoza-Brzezina, Michał & Chmielewski, Tomasz & Niedźwiedzińska, Joanna, 2007. "Substitution between domestic and foreign currency loans in Central Europe. Do central banks matter?," MPRA Paper 6759, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Bengt Holmstrom & Jean Tirole, 1997. "Financial Intermediation, Loanable Funds, and The Real Sector," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(3), pages 663-691.
    8. Alok Bhargava, 2006. "Identification and Panel Data Models with Endogenous Regressors," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Econometrics, Statistics And Computational Approaches In Food And Health Sciences, chapter 3, pages 49-60, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    9. repec:onb:oenbwp:y:2012:i:24:b:1 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Codruta Boar & Leonardo Gambacorta & Giovanni Lombardo & Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva, 2017. "What are the effects of macroprudential policies on macroeconomic performance?," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    11. Douglas Staiger & James H. Stock, 1997. "Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 65(3), pages 557-586, May.
    12. Cerutti, Eugenio & Claessens, Stijn & Laeven, Luc, 2017. "The use and effectiveness of macroprudential policies: New evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 203-224.
    13. Leroy, Aurélien & Lucotte, Yannick, 2019. "Competition and credit procyclicality in European banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 237-251.
    14. Garcia Revelo, José David & Lucotte, Yannick & Pradines-Jobet, Florian, 2020. "Macroprudential and monetary policies: The need to dance the Tango in harmony," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    15. Nicolas Albacete & Peter Lindner, 2015. "Foreign currency borrowers in Austria – evidence from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 29, pages 93-109.
    16. International Monetary Fund, 2011. "Macroprudential Policy: What Instruments and How to Use them? Lessons From Country Experiences," IMF Working Papers 2011/238, International Monetary Fund.
    17. Gabriele Galati & Richhild Moessner, 2013. "Macroprudential Policy – A Literature Review," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(5), pages 846-878, December.
    18. Sophia Döme & Stefan W. Schmitz & Katharina Steiner & Eva Ubl, 2016. "The changing role of macroprudential policy in Austria after World War II," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 3, pages 163-189.
    19. Gabriel Jiménez & Steven Ongena & José‐Luis Peydró & Jesús Saurina, 2014. "Hazardous Times for Monetary Policy: What Do Twenty‐Three Million Bank Loans Say About the Effects of Monetary Policy on Credit Risk‐Taking?," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 82(2), pages 463-505, March.
    20. Jérôme Vandenbussche & Ursula Vogel & Enrica Detragiache, 2015. "Macroprudential Policies and Housing Prices: A New Database and Empirical Evidence for Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(S1), pages 343-377, March.
    21. Beer, Christian & Ongena, Steven & Peter, Marcel, 2010. "Borrowing in foreign currency: Austrian households as carry traders," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 2198-2211, September.
    22. Hsu, Chih-Chiang & Wu, Jyun-Yi & Yau, Ruey, 2011. "Foreign direct investment and business cycle co-movements: The panel data evidence," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 770-783.
    23. Ulrich Gunter & Gerald Krenn & Michael Sigmund, 2013. "Macroeconomic, Market and Bank-Specific Determinants of the Net Interest Margin in Austria," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 25, pages 87-101.
    24. Stijn Claessens, 2015. "An Overview of Macroprudential Policy Tools," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 397-422, December.
    25. Dilyana Dimova & Ms. Piyabha Kongsamut & Mr. Jerome Vandenbussche, 2016. "Macroprudential Policies in Southeastern Europe," IMF Working Papers 2016/029, International Monetary Fund.
    26. Marcello Pagnini & Paola Rossi & Valerio Vacca & Michael Sigmund & Ulrich Gunter & Gerald Krenn, 2017. "How Do Macroeconomic and Bank-specific Variables Influence Profitability in the Austrian Banking Sector? Evidence from a Panel Vector Autoregression Analysis," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 46(3), pages 555-586, November.
    27. Nakamura, Alice & Nakamura, Masao, 1981. "On the Relationships among Several Specification Error Tests Presented by Durbin, Wu, and Hausman," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(6), pages 1583-1588, November.
    28. Mr. Stefan W. Schmitz & Michael Sigmund & Ms. Laura Valderrama, 2017. "Bank Solvency and Funding Cost: New Data and New Results," IMF Working Papers 2017/116, International Monetary Fund.
    29. Iori, Giulia & Jafarey, Saqib & Padilla, Francisco G., 2006. "Systemic risk on the interbank market," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 525-542, December.
    30. Gabriele Galati & Richhild Moessner, 2018. "What Do We Know About the Effects of Macroprudential Policy?," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 85(340), pages 735-770, October.
    31. Jacques, Kevin & Nigro, Peter, 1997. "Risk-based capital, portfolio risk, and bank capital: A simultaneous equations approach," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(6), pages 533-547.
    32. Erlend Nier & Heedon Kang, 2016. "Monetary and macroprudential policies – exploring interactions," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Macroprudential policy, volume 86, pages 27-38, Bank for International Settlements.
    33. Shim, Jeungbo, 2013. "Bank capital buffer and portfolio risk: The influence of business cycle and revenue diversification," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 761-772.
    34. Jan F. Kiviet, 1986. "On the Rigour of Some Misspecification Tests for Modelling Dynamic Relationships," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 53(2), pages 241-261.
    35. Raphael Auer & Sebastien Kraenzlin & David Liebeg, 2012. "How Do Austrian Banks Fund Their Swiss Franc Exposure?," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 24, pages 54-61.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Garcia Revelo, Jose D. & Levieuge, Grégory, 2022. "When could Macroprudential and Monetary Policies be in Conflict?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    2. Olszak, Małgorzata & Kowalska, Iwona, 2022. "Does bank competition matter for the effects of macroprudential policy on the procyclicality of lending?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    3. Igan, Deniz & Mirzaei, Ali & Moore, Tomoe, 2023. "Does macroprudential policy alleviate the adverse impact of COVID-19 on the resilience of banks?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    4. Epure, Mircea & Mihai, Irina & Minoiu, Camelia & Peydró, José-Luis, 2018. "Household Credit, Global Financial Cycle, and Macroprudential Policies: Credit Register Evidence from an Emerging Country," EconStor Preprints 216800, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    5. Mirzaei, Ali & Samet, Anis, 2022. "Effectiveness of macroprudential policies: Do stringent bank regulation and supervision matter?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 342-360.
    6. Ćehajić, Aida & Košak, Marko, 2021. "Macroprudential measures and developments in bank funding costs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    7. Mircea Epure & Irina Mihai & Camelia Minoiu & José-Luis Peydró, 2017. "Global financial cycle, household credit, and macroprudential policies," Economics Working Papers 1590, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Mar 2023.
    8. Meuleman, Elien & Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2020. "Macroprudential policy and bank systemic risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    9. Melchisedek Joslem Ngambou Djatche, 2022. "Monetary policy, prudential policy and bank's risk‐taking: A literature review," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 1559-1590, December.
    10. Jose David GARCIA REVELO & Yannick LUCOTTE & Florian PRADINES-JOBET, 2019. "Macroprudential and Monetary Policies : The Need to Dance the Tango in Harmony," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2691, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    11. Apergis, Nicholas & Aysan, Ahmet F. & Bakkar, Yassine, 2022. "Borrower- and lender-based macroprudential policies: What works best against bank systemic risk?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    12. Kumar, Sanjiv & Prabheesh, K.P. & Bashar, Omar, 2022. "Examining the effectiveness of macroprudential policy in India," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 91-113.
    13. Ely, Regis A. & Tabak, Benjamin M. & Teixeira, Anderson M., 2021. "The transmission mechanisms of macroprudential policies on bank risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 598-630.
    14. Jérôme Vandenbussche & Piyabha Kongsamut & Dilyana Dimova, 2018. "Macroprudential Policy Effectiveness: Lessons from Southeastern Europe," Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 1(9), pages 60-102, May.
    15. Gaganis, Chrysovalantis & Lozano-Vivas, Ana & Papadimitri, Panagiota & Pasiouras, Fotios, 2020. "Macroprudential policies, corporate governance and bank risk: Cross-country evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 126-142.
    16. Stijn Claessens & Giulio Cornelli & Leonardo Gambacorta & Francesco Manaresi & Yasushi Shiinad, 2023. "Do Macroprudential Policies Affect Non-bank Financial Intermediation?," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(5), pages 185-236, December.
    17. Lilit Popoyan, 2020. "Macroprudential Policy: a Blessing or a Curse?," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 11(1-2).
    18. Neanidis, Kyriakos C., 2019. "Volatile capital flows and economic growth: The role of banking supervision," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 77-93.
    19. Zhong, Changbiao & Xie, Lijuan & Shi, Yu & Xu, Xiangyun, 2023. "Macro-prudential policy, its alignment with monetary policy and house price growth: A cross-country study," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 51-62.
    20. Nitzan Tzur-Ilan, 2019. "Macroprudential Policy: Implementation, Effects, And Lessons," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, vol. 17(1), pages 39-71.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Macroprudential policy; Simultaneous equation model; Systemic risks; Foreign currency lending;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:jecfin:v:45:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s12197-020-09524-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.