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Poziom rezerw walutowych a koszty zarządzania nadpłynnością w polskim systemie bankowym

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  • Michał Pronobis

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest ocena działań operacyjnych NBP pod względem kosztów i przychodów finansowych, jakie one generują. Analiza ma charakter nietypowy, ponieważ nie dąży do oceny polityki banku centralnego w zakresie osiągania nadrzędnych celów (stabilność cen). Zamiarem autora jest raczej oszacowanie salda finansowego operacji podejmowanych przez NBP oraz identyfikacja ewentualnych rozwiązań ukierunkowanych na zmniejszenie kosztu prowadzenia polityki pieniężnej w Polsce. Artykuł ma głównie charakter empiryczny. Autor charakteryzuje proces prowadzenia polityki pieniężnej NBP na poziomie operacyjnym oraz identyfikuje i oszacowuje koszty i przychody finansowe związane z jej prowadzeniem, zarówno z punktu widzenia samego banku centralnego, jak i szeroko rozumianej sfery finansów publicznych. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że stopa zwrotu z lokowania rezerw walutowych w Polsce jest niższa niż średnie koszty obsługi zadłużenia zagranicznego Skarbu Państwa. Ponadto rezerwy walutowe NBP zanotowały w ostatnich latach wzrost, przekraczając poziomy uznawane powszechnie za bezpieczne. Nadmiar rezerw generuje koszty finansowe, głównie ze względu na konieczność absorpcji nadpłynności z krajowego systemu bankowego. Wnioskiem z analizy jest sugerowana modyfikacja bieżących działań NBP i Ministerstwa Finansów oraz ich lepsza koordynacja. Krokiem we właściwym kierunku byłoby uszczuplenie stanu rezerw dewizowych o 30% w celu spłaty części zadłużenia zagranicznego, a zarazem likwidacja nadpłynności w systemie bankowym. Nie zagrażałoby to równowadze płatniczej kraju oraz nie ograniczałoby skuteczności polityki pieniężnej w osiąganiu jej nadrzędnych celów. Rezultatem byłaby natomiast poprawa efektywności finansowej działań operacyjnych NBP.

Suggested Citation

  • Michał Pronobis, 2016. "Poziom rezerw walutowych a koszty zarządzania nadpłynnością w polskim systemie bankowym," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 2, pages 77-90.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2016:i:2:p:77-90
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    polityka pieniężna; bank centralny; rezerwy walutowe; zadłużenie zagraniczne; operacje płynnościowe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

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