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Przyczyny wzrostu zróżnicowania dochodów w Polsce

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  • Anna Krajewska

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest: pokazanie skali zróżnicowania dochodów w Polsce w okresie transformacji oraz na tle innych krajów Unii Europejskiej oraz przedstawienie wielorakich uwarunkowań wpływających na poziom zróżnicowania dochodów i ekonomicznych skutków zróżnicowania. Do realizacji tego celu zostały wykorzystane dane statystyczne GUS i Eurostatu oraz wyniki badań empirycznych prowadzonych w Polsce dotyczących zróżnicowania dochodów. W miarę dostępności danych problemy dotyczące Polski analizowane są na tle danych statystycznych dotyczących krajów Unii Europejskiej. Jedną z konsekwencji zmian systemowych w Polsce jest wzrost zróżnicowania dochodów mierzonych współczynnikiem Giniego, stopą ubóstwa oraz stopą zagrożenia ubóstwem.Poza zmianą systemu społeczno-gospodarczego w znacznym stopniu na wzrost zróżnicowania dochodów wpłynęła prowadzona w Polsce polityka gospodarcza w zakresie wynagrodzeń, rynku pracy i podatków. Na wzrost zróżnicowania dochodów wpłynęło też osłabienie redystrybucyjnej funkcji wydatków publicznych i świadczeń socjalnych przedsiębiorstw. Kolejnych przyczyn pogłębienia się nierówności można upatrywać w sposobie przeprowadzania prywatyzacji przedsiębiorstw państwowych oraz rozszerzaniu się zakresu szarej strefy i korupcji. Artykuł kończy się konkluzją, iż zarówno członkostwo Polski w Unii Europejskiej, jak i obecny kryzys, powinny przyczynić się do skorygowania prowadzonej w Polsce polityki gospodarczej i społecznej oraz skłonić do podejmowania działań zmierzających do zmniejszenia zróżnicowania dochodów w Polsce.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Krajewska, 2012. "Przyczyny wzrostu zróżnicowania dochodów w Polsce," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 7-8, pages 85-116.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:7-8:p:85-116
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    zróżnicowanie dochodów; społeczne skutki transformacji; nierówności;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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