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Liczba widzów na meczach polskiej ekstraklasy piłki nożnej - metoda szacowania poziomu sportowego drużyn

Author

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  • Łukasz Skrok

    (Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie)

Abstract

Celem badania jest analiza determinant popytu na mecze polskiej ekstraklasy piłki nożnej, mierzonego liczbą widzów na stadionach w sezonie 2011/2012. Zaletą wykorzystanego zbioru danych jest niewielka liczba spotkań, w których liczba widzów była równa maksymalnej pojemności stadionu, co jest rzadkością przy analizach najwyższych klas rozgrywkowych. Szczególnie ważne jest pytanie o wpływ jakości drużyny przeciwnej - jeżeli jest on istotny, to na rynku tym występują efekty zewnętrzne, a zatem i nieefektywność. Jakość drużyn została oszacowana za pomocą uporządkowanego modelu probitowego, w literaturze przedmiotu wykorzystywanego do prognozowania rezultatów spotkań. Jako kolejny krok przeprowadzono estymację wewnątrzgrupową - konieczną do odseparowania nieobserwowalnego zróżnicowania wielkości rynków, na których działają poszczególne kluby. Rezultaty analizy wskazują, że jakość drużyny gości wpływa istotnie i pozytywnie na liczbę widzów na stadionie. W ramach analizy pokazano także, że wykorzystanie wielomianu prawdopodobieństwa zwycięstwa gospodarzy nie dostarczyłoby rezultatów spójnych z hipotezą, zgodnie z którą jak największe zrównoważenie sił obydwu współzawodniczących drużyn sprzyja zainteresowaniu kibiców (jest to tzw. hipoteza niepewności wyniku, powszechnie przyjmowana w literaturze ekonomii sportu i testowana za pomocą wspomnianego wielomianu). Uzyskany rezultat (brak istotności) był otrzymywany w licznych badaniach prezentowanych w literaturze. Jak można jednak wykazać, wykorzystanie miar jakości drużyn jako zmiennych objaśniających może być uznane za tożsame z uwzględnieniem wielomianu prawdopodobieństwa. Pokazuje to, że z jednej strony stosowana w literaturze empirycznej strategia testowania za pomocą wielomianu jest wadliwa, a z drugiej - że utrudnia to interpretację rezultatów.

Suggested Citation

  • Łukasz Skrok, 2013. "Liczba widzów na meczach polskiej ekstraklasy piłki nożnej - metoda szacowania poziomu sportowego drużyn," Collegium of Economic Analysis Annals, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, issue 30, pages 273-290.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:annals:i:30:y:2013:p:273-290
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