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Primary Care for Transgender Individuals: A Review of the Literature Reflecting a Canadian Perspective

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  • Erin Ziegler
  • Ruta Valaitis
  • Nancy Carter
  • Cathy Risdon
  • Jennifer Yost

Abstract

Literature related to transgender health in adults has focused on definitions, hormone therapy, and transgender-sensitive care provision. Further understanding is needed on the delivery of primary care for transgender adults. The aim of this review was to understand the primary-care needs and access to health care services for transgender adults in Canada. A state-of-the-art literature review was conducted. Thirteen research studies were included. There is limited literature on the delivery of primary care for transgender adults, particularly in Canada. Health care issues and access to care have been explored. However, there remains minimal Canadian content on primary-care delivery for transgender adults. Additional studies are needed to understand transgender primary-care needs in Canada. Further understanding can reduce the invisibility and disparities experienced by transgender individuals. With better understanding of transgender primary health care issues, primary-care practitioners can advocate for the heath needs of their patients and improve care delivery.

Suggested Citation

  • Erin Ziegler & Ruta Valaitis & Nancy Carter & Cathy Risdon & Jennifer Yost, 2020. "Primary Care for Transgender Individuals: A Review of the Literature Reflecting a Canadian Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:10:y:2020:i:3:p:2158244020962824
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244020962824
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rotondi, N.K. & Bauer, G.R. & Scanlon, K. & Kaay, M. & Travers, R. & Travers, A., 2013. "Nonprescribed hormone use and self-performed surgeries: "do-it-yourself" transitions in transgender communities in Ontario, Canada," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(10), pages 1830-1836.
    2. Sanchez, N.F. & Sanchez, J.P. & Danoff, A., 2009. "Health care utilization, barriers to care, and hormone usage among male-to-female transgender persons in New York City," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(4), pages 713-719.
    3. Cruz, Taylor M., 2014. "Assessing access to care for transgender and gender nonconforming people: A consideration of diversity in combating discrimination," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 65-73.
    4. Rotondi, N.K. & Bauer, G.R. & Scanlon, K. & Kaay, M. & Travers, R. & Travers, A., 2013. "Erratum: Nonprescribed hormone use and self-performed surgeries: "Do-it-yourself" transitions in transgender communities in Ontario, Canada (American Journal of Public Health (2013) 103:10 (," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(11), pages 1-11.
    5. Mayer, K.H. & Bradford, J.B. & Makadon, H.J. & Stall, R. & Goldhammer, H. & Landers, S., 2008. "Sexual and gender minority health: What we know and what needs to be done," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(6), pages 989-995.
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    Cited by:

    1. Davide Costa, 2023. "Transgender Health between Barriers: A Scoping Review and Integrated Strategies," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-29, May.
    2. MacKinnon, K.R. & Ashley, F. & Kia, H. & Lam, J.S.H. & Krakowsky, Y. & Ross, L.E., 2021. "Preventing transition “regret”: An institutional ethnography of gender-affirming medical care assessment practices in Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).

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