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Civil War and Female Empowerment

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  • Ingrid Vik Bakken
  • Halvard Buhaug

Abstract

Recent research has directed attention to the transformative potential of war for female empowerment. As a disruptive shock, armed conflict can create a window of opportunity for advancing the societal role of women. We complement this research agenda by looking at how conflict severity and termination condition the outcomes for women in the aftermath of civil conflict. We expect that both level of violence and mode of resolution affect subsequent female empowerment, where severe conflicts ending by a negotiated settlement have the greatest transformative potential. Consistent with expectations, we find that post-conflict improvements in female empowerment occur primarily after high-intensity civil conflicts. However, subsequent tests reveal that this effect is driven largely by conflicts terminated by peace agreements. The greatest improvement in female empowerment is seen when peace agreements have gender-specific provisions. These results support calls for a sustained effort toward mainstreaming gender issues in conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ingrid Vik Bakken & Halvard Buhaug, 2021. "Civil War and Female Empowerment," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(5), pages 982-1009, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:65:y:2021:i:5:p:982-1009
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002720983409
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Julie Litchfield & Elodie Douarin & Fatlinda Gashi, 2021. "Angry men and Civic women? Gendered effects of conflict on political participation," HiCN Working Papers 355, Households in Conflict Network.
    2. Kikuta,Kyosuke, 2023. "More Equality for Women Does Mean Less War: Descriptive Representation, Legislative Votes, and International Conflict," IDE Discussion Papers 904, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).

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