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Multiple Discrimination against Female Immigrants Wearing Headscarves

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  • Doris Weichselbaumer

Abstract

Western countries have experienced a large influx of Muslim immigrants, and concomitantly the Muslim headscarf has become the subject of major controversy. Drawing on theories of stigma, social identity, and multiple discrimination/intersectionality, this study examines the effect of wearing this headscarf in the German labor market. The author applies the method of correspondence testing that allows measuring discrimination in a controlled field setting. Findings show that when applying for a job in Germany, women with a Turkish migration background are less likely to be invited for an interview, and the level of discrimination increases substantially if the applicant wears a headscarf. The results suggest that immigrant women who wear a headscarf suffer discrimination based on multiple stigmas related to ethnicity and religion.

Suggested Citation

  • Doris Weichselbaumer, 2020. "Multiple Discrimination against Female Immigrants Wearing Headscarves," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 73(3), pages 600-627, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:ilrrev:v:73:y:2020:i:3:p:600-627
    DOI: 10.1177/0019793919875707
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Carme Garcia-Yeste & Lena de Botton & Pilar Alvarez & Roger Campdepadros, 2021. "Actions to Promote the Employment and Social Inclusion of Muslim Women Who Wear the Hijab in Catalonia (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-25, June.
    7. Van Borm, Hannah & Baert, Stijn, 2022. "Diving in the minds of recruiters: What triggers gender stereotypes in hiring?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1083, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    8. Ayaita, Adam, 2023. "Is There an Ethnic Pay Gap in Germany? Evidence from a Representative Sample of the Adult Population," EconStor Preprints 267865, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    9. Robert Dur & Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez & Cornel Nesseler, 2022. "How to reduce discrimination? Evidence from a field experiment in amateur soccer," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-005/VII, Tinbergen Institute.
    10. Tariq Hassan Haque & M Ohidul Haque, 2022. "The Unemployment Imbalance Between Non-English-Speaking Migrant Women and Australian Born Women," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 20(2), pages 459-478, June.
    11. Ayaita, Adam, 2023. "Ethnic Minority Background and Personality Characteristics: Evidence from a Representative Sample of the Adult Population," EconStor Preprints 251745, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, revised 2023.
    12. Lisa Beck-Werz & Bernd Frick & Thomas Fritz & Fabian Lensing, 2022. "Understanding the impact of gender and migration on high-ability students’ behavior: Exploring behavioral differences in business, law, and engineering students throughout their academic careers," Working Papers Dissertations 83, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    13. Weichselbaumer, Doris & Schuster, Julia, 2021. "The Effect of Photos and a Local-Sounding Name on Discrimination against Ethnic Minorities in Austria," IZA Discussion Papers 14495, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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