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Determinants of Residence and Migration in the Soviet Union after World War 2: The Immigrant Population in Estonia

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  • Hill Kulu

    (Institute of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia)

Abstract

Soviet migration literature stresses the importance both of the interests of people and of state policy in shaping the migration process in the Soviet Union. However, most empirical studies are descriptive and rely on bivariate analysis; multivariate analysis is scarcely used. Conventional Western research, in turn, mostly stresses the importance of structural factors in explaining migration in the Soviet Union. The author aims to look at the extent to which structural factors and personal characteristics determine the first residence and first migration of immigrants in Estonia after World War 2. Individual-level data of the Estonian Family and Fertility Survey (1994) on 1067 foreign-born females are used and multivariate analysis applied. The analysis shows that the first residence and first migration of the foreign-born population in Estonia differ significantly by immigration cohort—a variable reflecting structural factors. However, when the personal characteristics of immigrants are included in the model, the role of the immigration cohort (as a determinant of migration) decreases significantly. The results support the belief that migration in the Soviet Union is a complex outcome of the interaction between structural forces and the interests of people, as it is elsewhere in the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Hill Kulu, 2004. "Determinants of Residence and Migration in the Soviet Union after World War 2: The Immigrant Population in Estonia," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(2), pages 305-325, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:36:y:2004:i:2:p:305-325
    DOI: 10.1068/a35261
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Orjan Sjoberg & Tiit Tammaru, 1999. "Transitional Statistics: Internal Migration and Urban Growth in Post-Soviet Estonia," Europe-Asia Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(5), pages 821-842.
    2. Tiit Tammaru, 2000. "Differential urbanisation and primate city growth in soviet and post‐soviet Estonia," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 91(1), pages 20-30, February.
    3. E G Moore & M W Rosenberg, 1995. "Modelling Migration Flows of Immigrant Groups in Canada," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 27(5), pages 699-714, May.
    4. Ira N. Gang & Robert C. Stuart, 1999. "Mobility where mobility is illegal: Internal migration and city growth in the Soviet Union," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 12(1), pages 117-134.
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    Cited by:

    1. Olle Järv & Kerli Müürisepp & Rein Ahas & Ben Derudder & Frank Witlox, 2015. "Ethnic differences in activity spaces as a characteristic of segregation: A study based on mobile phone usage in Tallinn, Estonia," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(14), pages 2680-2698, November.
    2. Maarten Ham & Tiit Tammaru, 2011. "Ethnic Minority–Majority Unions in Estonia [Unions entre membres d'ethnies minoritaires et majoritaires en Estonie]," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 27(3), pages 313-335, August.
    3. Olle Järv & Anu Masso & Siiri Silm & Rein Ahas, 2021. "The Link Between Ethnic Segregation and Socio‐Economic Status: An Activity Space Approach," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 112(3), pages 319-335, July.
    4. Magdalena Muszyńska-Spielauer & Hill Kulu, 2007. "Migration and union dissolution in a changing socio-economic context," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 17(27), pages 803-820.
    5. Hill Kulu & Francesco C Billari, 2006. "Migration to Urban and Rural Destinations in Post-Soviet Estonia: A Multilevel Event-History Analysis," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 38(4), pages 749-764, April.

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