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School Resources and Student Outcomes

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  • DAVID CARD
  • ALAN B. KRUEGER

Abstract

In this article, David Card and Alan Krueger review the literature examining how school resources affect students' educational attainment and earnings. After addressing the challenges that researchers face in studying such a connection, the authors describe the theoretical framework they used to interpret the literature on schooling, school quality, and earnings. The framework is guided by four propositions: that earnings rise with educational attainment; that the marginal payoff to additional schooling is higher for those who attend quality schools; that, if the monetary payoff to an additional year of schooling rises, some students will attend school longer; and that a portion of the observed association between earnings and education is due to unobserved factors. After an account of the empirical findings in these studies, the authors conclude that there is some evidence that school resources affect earnings and educational attainment, although much uncertainty remains in the literature.

Suggested Citation

  • David Card & Alan B. Krueger, 1998. "School Resources and Student Outcomes," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 559(1), pages 39-53, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:559:y:1998:i:1:p:39-53
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716298559001004
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. George E. Johnson & Frank P. Stafford, 1973. "Social Returns to Quantity and Quality of Schooling," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(2), pages 139-155.
    2. repec:fth:prinin:366 is not listed on IDEAS
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    6. Card, David & Krueger, Alan B, 1992. "Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and the Characteristics of Public Schools in the United States," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(1), pages 1-40, February.
    7. Harmon, Colm & Walker, Ian, 1995. "Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for the United Kingdom," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 85(5), pages 1278-1286, December.
    8. David Card & Alan B. Krueger, 1996. "School Resources and Student Outcomes: An Overview of the Literature and New Evidence from North and South Carolina," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 10(4), pages 31-50, Fall.
    9. Thomas J. Kane & Cecilia E. Rouse, 1993. "Labor Market Returns to Two- And Four-Year College: Is a Credit a Credit And Do Degrees Matter?," Working Papers 690, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
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    13. Thomas J. Kane & Cecilia Rouse, 1993. "Labor Market Returns to Two- And Four-Year College: Is A Credit a Credit And Do Degrees Matter?," Working Papers 690, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    14. Thomas J. Kane & Cecilia E. Rouse, 1993. "Labor Market Returns to Two- and Four-Year Colleges: Is a Credit a Credit and Do Degrees Matter?," NBER Working Papers 4268, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    19. Link, Charles & Ratledge, Edward & Lewis, Kenneth, 1980. "The Quality of Education and Cohort Variation in Black-White Earnings Differentials: Reply," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(1), pages 196-203, March.
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