IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/ecoint/0958.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Genova Conference of 1922: A Reassessment after 100 Years

Author

Listed:
  • Pittaluga, Giovanni Battista

    (Department of Political Sciences, University of Genova, Italy)

Abstract

At the Genoa Conference, the characteristics of the post-war international monetary order or Gold Exchange Standard were defined. This system, lasted for only a few years: from 1925 to 1931 and was followed by a period of sever monetary disorder, which only ended after the conclusion of the Second World War with the Bretton Woods Agreements. The Gold Exchange Standard could have only function if there have been a good level of cooperation between central banks. However, this latter, even if initially remained high, since 1927 it gradually diminished. This is not surprising. In fact, in the international multipolar equilibrium that emerged after World War I and the Treaty of Versailles cooperation was problematic since each country places great weight on the relative gains from cooperation for fear that another country might benefit more and eventually become a threat to its security. La Conferenza di Genova del 1922: una rivalutazione 100 anni dopo Alla Conferenza di Genova furono definite le caratteristiche dell'ordine monetario internazionale del dopoguerra o Gold Exchange Standard. Questo sistema durò solo pochi anni: dal 1925 al 1931 e fu seguito da un periodo di gravi disordini monetari, che terminò solo dopo la conclusione della seconda guerra mondiale con gli accordi di Bretton Woods. Il Gold Exchange Standard avrebbe potuto funzionare solo se ci fosse stato un buon livello di cooperazione tra le banche centrali. Tuttavia, tale cooperazione, anche se inizialmente fu elevata, dal 1927 diminuì significativamente. Ciò non stupisce. Infatti, nell'equilibrio multipolare internazionale emerso dopo la prima guerra mondiale e il Trattato di Versailles, la cooperazione era problematica poiché ogni paese attribuiva grande importanza ai relativi vantaggi derivanti dalla cooperazione per paura che un altro paese potesse trarne maggiori benefici e alla fine diventare una minaccia per la sua sicurezza.

Suggested Citation

  • Pittaluga, Giovanni Battista, 2023. "The Genova Conference of 1922: A Reassessment after 100 Years," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 76(4), pages 567-596.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0958
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.iei1946.it/article/pdf/download/905/the-genova-conference-of-1922-a-reassessment-after-100-years
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Giovanni Battista Pittaluga & Elena Seghezza, 2021. "Building Trust in the International Monetary System," Frontiers in Economic History, Springer, number 978-3-030-78491-1, Fall.
    2. Bordo, Michael D. & MacDonald, Ronald, 2003. "The inter-war gold exchange standard: credibility and monetary independence," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 1-32, February.
    3. Ben Bemanke & Harold James, 1991. "The Gold Standard, Deflation, and Financial Crisis in the Great Depression: An International Comparison," NBER Chapters, in: Financial Markets and Financial Crises, pages 33-68, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. McKinnon, Ronald I, 1993. "The Rules of the Game: International Money in Historical Perspective," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 31(1), pages 1-44, March.
    5. Simmons, Beth A., 1996. "Rulers of the game: central bank independence during the interwar years," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(3), pages 407-443, July.
    6. Eichengreen, Barry, 1986. "The bank of France and the sterilization of gold, 1926-1932," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 56-84, January.
    7. Claudio E. V. Borio & Gianni Toniolo, 2006. "One hundred and thirty years of central bank cooperation: a BIS perspective," BIS Working Papers 197, Bank for International Settlements.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fratianni, Michele & Giri, Federico, 2017. "The tale of two great crises," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 5-31.
    2. Karau, Sören, 2020. "Buried in the vaults of central banks: Monetary gold hoarding and the slide into the Great Depression," Discussion Papers 63/2020, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    3. Colvin, Christopher L. & Fliers, Philip T., 2021. "Going Dutch: How the Netherlands Escaped its Golden Fetters, 1925-1936," QBS Working Paper Series 2021/06, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Business School.
    4. Michael D. Bordo & Anna J. Schwartz, 1994. "The Specie Standard as a Contingent Rule: Some Evidence for Core and Peripheral Countries, 1880-1990," NBER Working Papers 4860, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2005. "Confiance et ajustement dans les régimes d'étalon-or et de caisse d'émission," Mondes en développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 130(2), pages 77-93.
    6. Jean Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2004. "Credibility and adjustment: gold standards versus currency boards," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2004-692, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    7. Jevtic, Aleksandar R., 2020. "Gold rush: The political economy of gold standard adoption in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia," eabh Papers 20-02, The European Association for Banking and Financial History (EABH).
    8. Bindseil, Ulrich & Winkler, Adalbert, 2012. "Dual liquidity crises under alternative monetary frameworks: a financial accounts perspective," Working Paper Series 1478, European Central Bank.
    9. Weinan Yan, 2022. "Inequality and the Interwar Gold Standard," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 48(1), pages 90-121, January.
    10. Michael D. Bordo, 2017. "An Historical Perspective on the Quest for Financial Stability and the Monetary Policy Regime," Economics Working Papers 17108, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
    11. Christie Swanepoel & Philip T. Fliers, 2021. "The fuel of unparalleled recovery: Monetary policy in South Africa between 1925 and 1936," Economic History of Developing Regions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(2), pages 213-244, May.
    12. Bordo, Michael D. & Schwartz, Anna J., 1999. "Monetary policy regimes and economic performance: The historical record," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 3, pages 149-234, Elsevier.
    13. Davide Bernardi & Roberto Ricciuti, 2021. "An Economic Analysis of ‘Quota 90’," Working Papers 09/2021, University of Verona, Department of Economics.
    14. Pedro Bação & António Portugal Durate & Mariana Simões, 2013. "The International Monetary System in Flux: Overview and Prospects," GEMF Working Papers 2013-07, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra.
    15. Borio, Claudio & Filardo, Andrew J., 2004. "Looking back at the international deflation record," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 287-311, December.
    16. Flandreau, Marc & Komlos, John, 2006. "Target zones in theory and history: Credibility, efficiency, and policy autonomy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(8), pages 1979-1995, November.
    17. Paolera, Gerardo Della & Taylor, Alan M., 1999. "Economic Recovery from the Argentine Great Depression: Institutions, Expectations, and the Change of Macroeconomic Regime," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 59(3), pages 567-599, September.
    18. Lucian Croitoru, 2018. "How Countries’ Different Attitudes towards Inflation can thwart the European Dream," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 21(70), pages 2-41, December.
    19. Michael Artis, 1993. "The Role of the Exchange Rate in Monetary Policy - the Experience of Other Countries," RBA Annual Conference Volume (Discontinued), in: Adrian Blundell-Wignall (ed.),The Exchange Rate, International Trade and the Balance of Payments, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    20. Edwards, Sebastian, 2020. "Change of monetary regime, contracts, and prices: Lessons from the great depression, 1932–1935," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Genoa Conference; International Monetary System; International Relations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • N14 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Europe: 1913-

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0958. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Angela Procopio (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cacogit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.