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Mesure et analyse de l'égalité et de l'équité en éducation

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  • Alain Mingat

Abstract

[eng] Analysing and measuring equity in the education system has been the bread and butter of large number of sociological pieces of research. They are often based on the computation of selectivity indices (according to SES sex...) at given level of education higher education for example. The paper shows that these measures ignore the scarcity of resources existing in the education system. More precisely they ignore the structural dimension of the overall school organization allocation of resources between levels on the one hand quality choices at each level on the other which constitutes the shell itself more or less equalitarian within which are nested the various types of selectivity as they are currently studied. The paper proposes method to measure separatly and jointly these two ways by which inequality is generated in the school systems. [fre] Mesure et analyse de l'égalité et de l'équité en éducation. . L'analyse et la mesure de l'équité dans le système scolaire ont fait l'objet de nombreux travaux de la part des sociologues. Ils prennent souvent la forme de mesure d'indices de sélectivité (sociale, selon le sexe...) évalués au sein d'un niveau éducatif donné (par exemple l'enseignement supérieur). L'article montre que ces mesures ignorent la situation générale de rareté des ressources qui marque fondamentalement la situation de l'école. En particulier, elles ignorent la dimension structurelle du système scolaire (répartition des ressources entre niveaux d'une part, choix en matière de qualité de l'éducation à chacun des niveaux d'autre part) qui constitue l'enveloppe, elle-même plus ou moins inégalitaire, à l'intérieur de laquelle s'inscrivent les différentes formes de sélectivité étudiées traditionnellement. Le texte propose une méthode permettant de mesurer de façon séparée et agrégée les deux voies par lesquelles se génèrent les inégalités dans le système scolaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Mingat, 1988. "Mesure et analyse de l'égalité et de l'équité en éducation," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(1), pages 93-112.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1988_num_39_1_409046
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    1. Alain Mingat & Jee-Peng Tan, 1985. "On Equity in Education Again: An International Comparison," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 20(2), pages 298-308.
    2. W. Lee Hansen & Burton A. Weisbrod, 1969. "The Distribution of Costs and Direct Benefits of Public Higher Education: The Case of California," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 4(2), pages 176-191.
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