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Analyse des marchés locaux du travail : du chômage à l'emploi

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  • Michel Blanc
  • François Hild

Abstract

[spa] Este estudio pretende aclarar el funcionamiento de los mercados locales de trabajo analizando las disparidades infrarregionales de dos indicadores del estado del mercado de trabajo: el índice de salida del desempleo al empleo y el índice de desempleo. El análisis se realiza a nivel de las zonas de empleo. La cartografía de las tasas de salida del desempleo no cubre exactamente la de las tasas de desempleo. Se ha efectuado una modelización de ambos índices. En particular, pone de manifi esto que la intensidad del efecto de algunas variables difi ere según el indicador del estado del mercado de trabajo considerado. En la mayoría de los casos, las zonas donde el índice de retorno al empleo es elevado (resp. bajo) registran también un índice de desempleo bajo (resp. elevado). Pero existen también otras confi guraciones de las que se intenta explicar su sorprendente carácter a primera vista. [ger] Diese Studie soll Aufschluss über die Funktionsweise der lokalen Arbeitsmärkte geben, indem die infraregionalen Disparitäten zweier Indikatoren des Arbeitsmarkts analysiert werden: Quote des Übergangs von der Arbeitslosigkeit zur Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosenquote. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf die Beschäftigungszonen. Die Kartografi e der Quoten des Übergangs von der Arbeitslosigkeit zur Beschäftigung deckt sich nicht genau mit derjenigen der Arbeitslosigkeit. Diese beiden Quoten werden modelliert. Hierbei zeigt sich insbesondere, dass die Intensität des Effekts bestimmter Variablen je nach Indikator des betreffenden Arbeitsmarkts schwankt. In den meisten Zonen, in denen die Quote der Rückkehr zur Beschäftigung hoch (bzw. niedrig) ist, ist die Arbeitslosigkeit niedrig (bzw. hoch). Allerdings gibt es noch weitere Konstellationen, deren Merkmale, die zunächst überraschend sind, erklärt werden sollen. [fre] Cette étude vise à éclairer le fonctionnement des marchés locaux du travail en analysant les disparités infrarégionales de deux indicateurs de l’état du marché du travail: le taux de sortie du chômage vers l’emploi et le taux de chômage. L’analyse est menée au niveau des zones d’emploi. La cartographie des taux de sortie du chômage ne recouvre pas exactement celle des taux de chômage. Une modélisation de ces deux taux est réalisée. Elle met notamment en évidence que l’intensité de l’effet de certaines variables diffère selon l’indicateur de l’état du marché du travail considéré. Dans la majorité des cas les zones où le taux de retour à l’emploi est élevé (resp. faible) enregistrent également un taux de chômage faible (resp. élevé). Mais il existe aussi d’autres confi gurations dont on essaye d’expliquer le caractère à première vue surprenant. Analyse des marchés locaux du travail: du chômage à l’emploi [eng] This study aims to shed light on how local employment markets work by analyzing infra-regional disparities in two labour-market indicators: the rate of exit from unemployment to employment, and the unemployment rate. We perform the analysis at the “employment area” (zone d’emploi) level. The map of unemployment-exit rates does not overlap exactly with that of unemployment rates. Our modelling of both rates notably reveals that the intensity of the effect of certain variables differs for the two indicators. Most “employment areas” with high (or, conversely, low) rates of return to employment also display low (or, conversely, high) unemployment rates. But we also fi nd other confi gurations, whose initially surprising characteristics we seek to explain.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Blanc & François Hild, 2008. "Analyse des marchés locaux du travail : du chômage à l'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 415(1), pages 45-60.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2008_num_415_1_7019
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2008.7019
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2008.7019
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    1. Jonathan Bougard, 2011. "Why is there a faster return to work near the border?," Working Papers halshs-00812122, HAL.

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