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Placements des ménages en Europe : le rôle des intermédiaires financiers se transforme en profondeur

Author

Listed:
  • Michel Boutillier
  • Agnès Labye
  • Christine Lagoutte
  • Nathalie Lévy
  • Auguste Mpacko Priso
  • Valérie Oheix
  • Stéphane Justeau
  • Bruno Séjourné

Abstract

[eng] The adoption of common accounting bases to present European countries' financial statistics opens up a wide range of comparative study possibilities. Huge behavioural disparities, albeit with a certain number of common developments, are found in household savings. From a structural point of view, the initial distribution of financial assets among the different categories of directly held securities and the different financial intermediaries is marked by economic and social choices that govern or have governed the countries studied. Take, for example, the massive holding of government bonds in Italy, the weight of traditional banking intermediation in Germany, and the extent of investments with insurers and pension funds in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. On the dynamic level, the main development in recent years is the downturn in classic banking intermediation in all the countries studied to the benefit of the other financial intermediaries (unit trusts, insurers and pension funds). The growth in non-bank intermediaries over the 1995-1999 period has played a crucial role in steering capital towards the stock markets and the international diversification of portfolios. Overall, European households' financial assets are generally invested more in shares and foreign assets, which implies an increase in risk for savers. Nevertheless, financing the domestic debt remains the rule in the German-speaking and southern European countries. [spa] La adopcion de unas bases contables comunes para la presentacion de las estadisticas financieras de los parses europeos abre un amplio abanico en materia de estudios comparativos. En cuanto al ahorro de los hogares, se notan profondas disparidades en los comportamientos, pero también unas cuantas evoluciones comunes. Desde un punta de vista estructural, la afectacion inicial dei patrimonio financiero entre las diferentes categorias de titulos detenidos directamente y los diferentes intermediarios financieros se orienta en funcion de las opciones economicas y sociales que gobiernan o gobernaron los parses estudiados. Se puede citar por ejemplo la detencion masiva de titulos de Estado en Italie, el peso de la intermediacion bancaria tradicional en Alemania, o la importancia de las inversiones en las aseguradoras o en los fondos de pension en los Paises Sajos y en el Reino Unido. A nivel dinamico, la evolucion esencial en los ultimos alios se debe al retroceso de la intermediacion bancaria clasica en todos los paises estudiados en provecho de los demas intermediarios financieros (OPVCM, aseguradoras, fondos de pension). El desarrollo de los intermediarios no bancarios en el periodo 1995-1999 desempelia un papel esencial en la orientacion de los capitales hacia los mercados de acciones y la diversificacion internacional de las carteras. En fin, los patrimonios financieros de los hogares europeos se invierten en un promedio mas en acciones o en activos extranjeros, lo que implica por otra parte un aumento de los riesgos que los ahorradores corren. Sin embargo, en los paises de habla germana o dei sur de Europa, la financiacion de la deuda doméstica sigue siendo mayoritaria. [ger] Die Einführung gemeinsamer Grundlagen zur Erstellung der Finanzstatistiken der europäischen Lander bietet vielfaltige Möglichkeiten zu vergleichenden Untersuchungen. So lassen sich beispielsweise bei der Spartätigkeit der Privathaushalte grundlegende Verhaltensunterschiede, aber auch einige gemeinsame Entwicklungen feststellen. ln struktureller Hinsicht hangt die anfangliche Verteilung des Finanzvermögens zwischen den einzelnen Kategorien von direkt gehaltenen Titeln und den verschiedenen Finanzintermediaren von der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Ausrichtung ab, die die untersuchten Lander pragen bzw. pragten. In Italien werden beispielsweise vorwiegend Staatspapiere gehalten, in Deutschland schlagt die Bankintermediation traditionell stark zu Buche, und in den Niederlanden und im Vereinigten Königreich werden Kapitalanlagen vorwiegend bei Versicherern oder Pensionsfonds getätigt. ln dynamischer Hinsicht ist in den letzten Jahren vor allem ein Rückgang der klassischen Bankintermediation in allen untersuchten Ländern zugunsten der anderen Finanzintermediare (OGAW, Versicherer, Pensionsfonds) zu verzeichnen. Bei der Ausrichtung der Kapitalanlagen auf die Aktienmarkte und der internationalen Portefeuille-Diversifizierung spielt die Entwicklung der Nichtbankenintermediare im Zeitraum 19951999 eine wichtige Rolle. Insgesamt wird das Finanzvermögen der europäischen Privathaushalte im Schnitt starker in Aktien oder auslandischen Werten angelegt, was im Übrigen für die Sparer ein grösseres Risiko in sich birgt. In den deutschsprachigen Landern oder Landern Südeuropas werden jedoch mehrheitlich staatliche Schuldtitel erworben. [fre] L'adoption de bases comptables communes pour la présentation des statistiques financières des pays européens ouvre un large éventail de possibilités en matière d'études comparatives. Pour ce qui concerne l'épargne des ménages, on relève de profondes disparités dans les comportements, mais également un certain nombre d'évolutions communes. D'un point de vue structurel, l'affectation initiale du patrimoine financier entre les différentes catégories de titres détenus directement et les différents intermédiaires financiers est marquée par les choix économiques et sociaux qui gouvernent ou ont gouverné les pays étudiés. On peut citer par exemple la détention massive de titres d'État en Italie, le poids de l'intermédiation bancaire traditionnelle en Allemagne, ou bien l'importance des placements auprès des assureurs ou des fonds de pension aux Pays-Bas et au Royaume-Uni. Sur un plan dynamique, l'évolution essentielle de ces dernières années tient au recul de l'intermédiation bancaire classique dans tous les pays étudiés au profit des autres intermédiaires financiers (OPCVM, assureurs, fonds de pension). Le développement des intermédiaires non bancaires sur la période 1995-1999 joue un rôle essentiel dans l'orientation des capitaux vers les marchés d'actions et la diversification internationale des portefeuilles. Au total, les patrimoines financiers des ménages européens sont, en moyenne, davantage investis sur des actions ou sur des actifs étrangers, ce qui implique par ailleurs un accroissement des risques encourus par les épargnants. Toutefois, dans les pays germanophones ou du sud de l'Europe, le financement de la dette domestique demeure majoritaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Boutillier & Agnès Labye & Christine Lagoutte & Nathalie Lévy & Auguste Mpacko Priso & Valérie Oheix & Stéphane Justeau & Bruno Séjourné, 2002. "Placements des ménages en Europe : le rôle des intermédiaires financiers se transforme en profondeur," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 354(1), pages 85-102.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2002_num_354_1_7387
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2002.7387
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2002.7387
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Allen, Franklin & Santomero, Anthony M., 1997. "The theory of financial intermediation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(11-12), pages 1461-1485, December.
    2. Michel Boutillier & Fabrice Pansard & Bruno Séjourné, 2001. "Le développement de l’assurance-vie en France : analyse et implications pour le système financier et le gouvernement d’entreprise," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 63(3), pages 67-90.
    3. Allen, Franklin & Santomero, Anthony M., 2001. "What do financial intermediaries do?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 271-294, February.
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    1. Gunther Capelle-Blancard & Jézabel Couppey-Soubeyran, 2003. "Le financement des agents non financiers en Europe : le rôle des intermédiaires financiers demeure prépondérant," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 366(1), pages 63-95.
    2. Denis Marionnet, 2007. "The final financial investment of French households," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Proceedings of the IFC Conference on "Measuring the financial position of the household sector", Basel, 30-31 August 2006 - Volume 1, volume 25, pages 213-231, Bank for International Settlements.
    3. Dhafer Saïdane, 2005. "La convergence vers le « Market based system » : une vue de l’esprit ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 81(4), pages 61-82.
    4. Christine Lagoutte, 2004. "Le paradoxe des banques britanniques," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 77(4), pages 329-353.

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