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Le rôle des prix dans la régulation du secteur pharmaceutique

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  • Stéphane Jacobzone

Abstract

[spa] El papel de los precios en la regulaciôn del sector farmaceutico. Pesé a su carâcter compétitive el sector del medicamento ofrece rasgos de utilidad pûblica. . A nivel econômico, las tutelas desempenan el doble papel de comprador de productos, a través de los reembolsos del seguro médico, y de aseguradores colectivos, siendo reembolsados taies gastos a los pacientes. A parte de los tiques moderadores, de eficacia real pero limitada que influye en la demanda, la regulaciôn de la oferta en los pai'ses industrializados concierne o bien el control de los beneficios, o la fijaciôn de los precios o la negociaciôn de las rebajas para los compradores publicos. La investigaciôn y desarrollo desempena un papel relevante en la dinâmica del sector. El âmbito europeo favorece un acercamiento de las condiciones de homologaciôn de los productos. La evaluaciôn econômica del precio de los medicamentos résulta difîcil. El ritmo de evoluciôn moderado de los precios no descarta cierto sesgo de mediciôn. Las herramientas estadisticas tradicionales revelan unas incapacidades en el aprecio de las variaciones de precios en mercados heterogéneos con renuevo de los productos y deformaciôn constante del consume El fndice de los precios francés pondrfa de manifiesto de esta manera una evoluciôn insuficiente de los precios. Estas dificultades de mediciôn son comunes a los grandes pai'ses industrializados. ^Cuâles son las perspectivas de la industria farmaceûtica francesa? Se ha notado cierta debilitaciôn de la posiciôn internacional, relacionada con puntos flacos en cuanto a investigaciôn, cuando al mismo tiempo es muy elevado el consume Las acciones convencionales emprendidas ûltimamente tratan de enmendar este estado de hecho. [fre] Le rôle des prix dans la régulation du secteur pharmaceutique . En dépit de son caractère concurrentiel, le secteur du médicament présente des traits d'utilité publique. Au niveau économique, les tutelles jouent un double rôle d'acheteur des produits, à travers les remboursements de l'assurance maladie, et d'assureurs collectifs, ces dépenses étant remboursées aux patients. Au-delà des tickets modérateurs, d'efficacité réelle mais limitée qui pèsent sur la demande, la régulation de l'offre dans les pays industrialisés concerne soit te contrôle des profits, soit la fixation des prix ou encore la négociation de remises pour les acheteurs publics. La recherche-développement joue un rôle central dans la dyna- mique du secteur. Le cadre européen favorise un rapprochement des conditions d'homologation des produits. Lévaluation économique du prix des médicaments se révèle . délicate. Le rythme d'évolution modéré des prix ne préjuge pas de certains biais de mesure. Les outils statistiques traditionnels révèlent des incapacités à apprécier les variations de prix sur des marchés hétérogènes avec un renouvellement des produits et une déformation constante de la consommation. L'indice de prix français retracerait ainsi une évolution insuffisante des prix. Ces difficultés de mesure sont communes aux grands pays industrialisés. Quelles sont les perspectives de l'industrie pharmaceutique en France ? Un certain affaiblissement de la position internationale a été constaté, lié à des faiblesses en matière de recherche, alors même que la consommation est très élevée. Les démarches conventionnelles entreprises dans la période récente visent à amender cet état de fait. [eng] The Role of Prices in Regulating the Pharmaceutical Sector . Despite its competitive nature, the pharmaceutical sector bears signs of public utility. The regulatory authorities play a dual economic role of product buyer via health insurance reimbursements and collective insurers since these outlays are reimbursed to the patients. Aside from the patient's contribution towards medical costs, effective but limited since it weighs on demand, supply regulation in industrialised countries focuses on either profit control, price setting or the negotiation of discounts for public buyers. Research and development play a pivotal role in the sector's dynamics. The European framework encourages the alignment of product approval conditions. It is not easy to make an economic evaluation of the price of drugs. The moderate price growth rate does not preclude certain measurement biases. Classic statistical tools are unsuited to the assessment of price changes on heterogeneous markets that feature a high turnover of new products and constant changes in consumption. Consequently, the French price index is incomplete in its reporting on these price changes. These measurement problems are common to all leading industrialised countries. What are the prospects for the pharmaceutical industry in France? The international position has weakened slightly due to shortfalls in research, whereas consumption is extremely high. Contractual approaches taken over the recent period aim to amend this state of affairs. [ger] Die Rolle der Preise bei der Regulierung des Arzneimittelsektors . Trotz seines wettbewerbsorientierten Charakters weist der Arzneimittelsektor Merkmale der Gemeinnùtzigkeit auf. In wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht spielen die zustândigen Behôrden eine doppelte Rolle, nàmlich diejenige des Kâufers von Produkten im Rahmen der Kostenerstattung durch die Krankenversicherung und diejenige kollektiver Versicherer, da dièse Ausgaben den Patienten erstattet werden. Ùber die Eigenbeteiligung hinaus, die zwar eine tatsâchliche, aber begrenzte Wirkung hat, die die Nachfrage belastet, zielt die Angebotsregulierung in den Industrielàndern entweder auf die Eindàmmung der Gewinne, auf die Festsetzung der Preise oder auch auf die Aushandlung von Preisnachlâssen fur die ôffentlichen Kâufer ab. Bei der Dynamik dieses Sektors spielen Forschung und Entwicklung eine zentrale Rolle. Der europàische Rahmen begùnstigt ferner eine Angleichung der Bedingungen fur die Zulassung von Arzneimitteln. Eine wirtschaftliche Bewertung der Arzneimittelpreise . erweist sich als ùberaus schwierig. Trotz moderater Preisentwicklung sind bestimmte MeBverzerrungen nicht auszuschlieBen. Die herkômmlichen statistischen Instrumente erweisen sich als unfàhig, die Preisschwankungen auf heterogenen Màrkten mit immer neuen Produkten und einer stândigen Konsumverzerrung zu bewerten. Somit wùrde der franzôsische Preisindex nur ungenùgend AufschluB ùber die Preisentwicklung geben. Aile groBen Industrielànder kennen solche Bewertungsschwierigkeiten. . Welches sind die Perspektiven der pharmazeutischen Industrie in Frankreich? Aufgrund von Màngeln im Forschungsbereich wurde eine gewisse Schwâchung ihrer internationalen Position festgestellt, obwohl der Konsum nach wie vor sehr groB ist. Mit den vertraglichen MaBnahmen, die in jùngster Zeit getroffen worden sind, soil dieser Umstand geândert werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphane Jacobzone, 1998. "Le rôle des prix dans la régulation du secteur pharmaceutique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 312(1), pages 35-53.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_312_1_2617
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2617
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2617
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nouguez, Etienne, 2014. "Governing the market through prices: The state and controls on the price of medicines in France," economic sociology. perspectives and conversations, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, vol. 15(2), pages 41-48.

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