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150 ans de croissance urbaine

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  • France Guérin-Pace
  • Denise Pumain

Abstract

[eng] 150 Years of Urban Growth - After a century and a half of gradual urbanization, the number of French cities has increased by a factor of three, and that of urban residents by a factor of seven. Three French people out of four now live in a city and, among them, three out of five live in a city of over a hundred thousand inhabitants. . This urbanization was not uniform when examined by region or city. Some urban units developed extensively, others declined noticeably. Most of them did not go through an even process of evolution. Hence, in the classification of cities according to size, the changes in rank were frequent and sometimes considerable. However, rather homogeneous evolution profiles can be distinguished, which are regionally well-defined, and the shape of the pyramird by size has remained more or less unchanged. In the long term, the only notable change is a degree of decentralization: middle-sized cities are becoming larger. But the overall structure of the hierarchy is very stable over time, with Paris remaining in a highly dominant position. The permanence of this pyramid is compatible with the random growth of cities. [fre] Après un siècle et demi d'urbanisation progressive, la France compte trois fois plus de villes et sept fois plus de citadins. Trois français sur quatre sont désormais urbains et parmi eux, trois sur cinq habitent une ville de plus de 100.000 habitants. Cette urbanisation n'a pas été uniforme selon les régions ou les villes. Certaines unités urbaines ont connu une croissance forte, d'autres un net déclin, la plupart n'ont pas suivi une trajectoire régulière. Dès lors, dans le classement des villes selon leur taille, les changements de rang ont été multiples et parfois très importants. Pourtant, on distingue des profils d'évolution assez homogènes, régionalement bien délimités, et l'allure de la pyramide des tailles est à peu près restée la même. Sur le long terme, le seul changement notable est une certaine déconcentration : le poids des villes moyennes se renforce. Mais la forme générale de la hiérarchie est très stable dans le temps, avec notamment une forte primauté parisienne. La permanence de cette pyramide est compatible avec une croissance aléatoire des villes. [spa] 150 años crecimiento urbano - Luego de un siglo y medio de urbanization progresiva Francia cuenta con una proporción de ciudades très veces mayor y con un número de habitantes urbanos siete veces más importante. De cada cuatro franceses, tres son urbanos y dentro de ese porcentaje, tres de cada cinco viven en una ciudad de mas de 100.000 habitantes. . Esta urbanization no ha sido uniforme según las regiones o las ciudades. Ciertas ciudades urbanas experimentan un fuerte crecimiento, otras, en cambio, un neto retroceso. La mayoría de ellas no han seguido una trayectoria regular. Por lo tanto, en la clasificación de las ciudades según su dimension, los cambios de position fueron multiples y en muchas ocasiones muy importantes. Sin embargo, se pueden distinguir perfiles de evolución bastante homogéneos, bien limitados regionalmente y el aspecto de la pirámide que refleja las dimensiones se mantuvo sin mayores cambios. A largo plazo, la única transformation notable es la de una deconcentración, por ende, el peso de las ciudades medianas se refuerza. No obstante, el contorno global de la jerarquía sigue siendo muy estable en el tiempo y en especial, con una fuerte primacía de París.

Suggested Citation

  • France Guérin-Pace & Denise Pumain, 1990. "150 ans de croissance urbaine," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 230(1), pages 5-16.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_230_1_5426
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5426
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5426
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Parr, John B., 1985. "A note on the size distribution of cities over time," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 199-212, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre-Philippe Combes & Gilles Duranton & Laurent Gobillon, 2012. "The Cost of Agglomeration: Land Prices in Cities," Working Papers hal-03461075, HAL.
    2. Pierre-Philippe Combes & Gilles Duranton & Laurent Gobillon, 2019. "The Costs of Agglomeration: House and Land Prices in French Cities," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 86(4), pages 1556-1589.
    3. Vincent Bignon & Eve Caroli & Roberto Galbiati, 2011. "Stealing to Survive: Crime and Income Shocks in 19th Century France," PSE Working Papers halshs-00623804, HAL.
    4. Combes, Pierre-Philippe & Duranton, Gilles & Gobillon, Laurent, 2012. "The Costs of Agglomeration: Land Prices in French Cities," IZA Discussion Papers 7027, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Vincent Bignon & Eve Caroli & Roberto Galbiati, 2017. "Stealing to Survive? Crime and Income Shocks in Nineteenth Century France," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 127(599), pages 19-49, February.
    6. Pierre-Philippe Combes & Gilles Duranton & Laurent Gobillon, 2012. "The Cost of Agglomeration: Land Prices in Cities," Working Papers hal-03461075, HAL.
    7. repec:dau:papers:123456789/7249 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Denise PUMAIN, 2012. "Une Théorie Géographique Pour La Loi De Zipf," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 36, pages 31-54.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/68snpauh718coq747l6ekv80cd is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Juste Raimbault, 2020. "Indirect evidence of network effects in a system of cities," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 47(1), pages 138-155, January.
    11. Eva Lelievre & Catherine Bonvalet, 1994. "A Compared Cohort History of Residential Mobility, Social Change and Home-ownership in Paris and the Rest of France," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 31(10), pages 1647-1665, December.
    12. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6bmhhi42888fj8hn1okddaqsab is not listed on IDEAS

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