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Beyond race: Impacts of non-racial perceived discrimination on health access and outcomes in New York City

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  • Prabal K De

Abstract

Background: I investigate the association of perceived discrimination based both on race and other attributes such as age, gender, and insurance status on self-reported health access and health outcomes in a diverse and densely populated metropolitan area. Methods: Restricted data from the 2016 round of the New York City Community Health Survey was used to create prevalence estimates for both racial and non-racial discrimination. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of these discrimination measures with health access and health outcome variables. Results: Among residents who perceived discrimination receiving health care during the previous year, 15% reported the reason behind such discrimination to race, while the rest chose other reasons. Among the non-race based categories, 34% reported the reason behind such discrimination to be insurance status, followed by other reasons (26.83%) and income (11.76%). Non-racial discrimination was significantly associated with the adjusted odds of not receiving care when needed (AOR = 6.96; CI: [5.00 9.70]), and seeking informal care (AOR = 2.24; CI: [1.13 4.48] respectively, after adjusting for insurance status, age, gender, marital status, race/ethnicity, nativity, and poverty. It was also associated with higher adjusted odds of reporting poor health (AOR = 2.49; CI: [1.65 3.75]) and being diagnosed with hypertension (AOR = 1.75; CI: [1.21 2.52]), and diabetes (AOR = 1.84; CI: [1.22 2.77]) respectively. Conclusions: Perceived discrimination in health care exists in multiple forms. Non-racial discrimination was strongly associated with worse health access and outcomes, and such experiences may contribute to health disparities between different socioeconomic groups.

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  • Prabal K De, 2020. "Beyond race: Impacts of non-racial perceived discrimination on health access and outcomes in New York City," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0239482
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239482
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Williams, D.R. & Neighbors, H.W. & Jackson, J.S., 2003. "Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(2), pages 200-208.
    2. Shavers, V.L. & Fagan, P. & Jones, D. & Klein, W.M.P. & Boyington, J. & Moten, C. & Rorie, E., 2012. "The state of research on racial/ethnic discrimination in the receipt of health care," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(5), pages 953-966.
    3. Balsa, Ana I. & McGuire, Thomas G., 2001. "Statistical discrimination in health care," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 881-907, November.
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