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Association between housing tenure and self-rated health in Japan: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

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  • Kimiko Tomioka
  • Norio Kurumatani
  • Keigo Saeki

Abstract

Background: Many studies have reported that housing tenure (HT) is associated with health, but little is known about its association in Japan. We investigated the cross-sectional association between HT and self-rated health (SRH) among Japanese adults, taking demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES) into consideration. Methods: We used data from a nationally representative survey conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (28,641 men and 31,143 women aged ≥20 years). HT was divided into five categories: owner-occupied, privately rented, provided housing, publically subsidized, and rented rooms. SRH was evaluated using a single-item inventory and dichotomized into poor (very poor/poor) and good (very good/good/fair). We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for poor SRH with logistic regression models. Covariates included demographic factors (i.e., age, gender, marital status, family size, smoking status, and chronic medical conditions) and SES factors (i.e., education, equivalent household expenditures, and occupation). Results: Among analyzed participants, 75.9% were owner-occupiers and 14.6% reported poor SRH. After adjustment for all covariates, compared with owner-occupiers, private renters (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.26–1.47), publically subsidized renters (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.19–1.48), and residents in rented rooms (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.22–1.62) were more likely to report poor SRH. Stratified analyses by SES factors showed that the association between HT and poor SRH was stronger in the socially disadvantaged than in the higher socioeconomic group. Conclusions: Our results show a significant association between HT and SRH, independent of socio-demographic factors. HT may deserve greater attention as an indicator of socioeconomic position in Japan.

Suggested Citation

  • Kimiko Tomioka & Norio Kurumatani & Keigo Saeki, 2019. "Association between housing tenure and self-rated health in Japan: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0224821
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224821
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    1. Sallis, James F. & Saelens, Brian E. & Frank, Lawrence D. & Conway, Terry L. & Slymen, Donald J. & Cain, Kelli L. & Chapman, James E. & Kerr, Jacqueline, 2009. "Neighborhood built environment and income: Examining multiple health outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 1285-1293, April.
    2. Pevalin, David J. & Reeves, Aaron & Baker, Emma & Bentley, Rebecca, 2017. "The impact of persistent poor housing conditions on mental health: a longitudinal population-based study," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 84580, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Becky P. Y. Loo & Winnie W. Y. Lam & Rathi Mahendran & Keiko Katagiri, 2017. "How Is the Neighborhood Environment Related to the Health of Seniors Living in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tokyo? Some Insights for Promoting Aging in Place," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(4), pages 812-828, July.
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    1. Jie Tang & Nanqian Chen & Hailun Liang & Xu Gao, 2022. "The Effect of Built Environment on Physical Health and Mental Health of Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-21, May.

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