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Associations between psychosocial work factors and provider mental well-being in emergency departments: A systematic review

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  • Anna Schneider
  • Matthias Weigl

Abstract

Background: Emergency departments (ED) are complex and dynamic work environments with various psychosocial work stressors that increase risks for providers’ well-being. Yet, no systematic review is available which synthesizes the current research base as well as quantitatively aggregates data on associations between ED work factors and provider well-being outcomes. Objective: We aimed at synthesizing the current research base on quantitative associations between psychosocial work factors (classified into patient-/ task-related, organizational, and social factors) and mental well-being of ED providers (classified into positive well-being outcomes, affective symptoms and negative psychological functioning, cognitive-behavioural outcomes, and psychosomatic health complaints). Methods: A systematic literature search in eight databases was conducted in December 2017. Original studies were extracted following a stepwise procedure and predefined inclusion criteria. A standardized assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias was conducted for each study with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project. In addition to a systematic compilation of included studies, frequency and strength of quantitative associations were synthesized by means of harvest plots. Subgroup analyses for ED physicians and nurses were conducted. Results: N = 1956 records were retrieved. After removal of duplicates, 1473 records were screened for titles and abstracts. 199 studies were eligible for full-text review. Finally, 39 original studies were included whereof 37 reported cross-sectional surveys. Concerning the methodological quality of included studies, the majority was evaluated as weak to moderate with considerable risk of bias. Most frequently surveyed provider outcomes were affective symptoms (e.g., burnout) and positive well-being outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction). 367 univariate associations and 370 multivariate associations were extracted with the majority being weak to moderate. Strong associations were mostly reported for social and organizational work factors. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to provide a quantitative summary of the research base on associations of psychosocial ED work factors and provider well-being. Conclusive results reveal that peer support, well-designed organizational structures, and employee reward systems balance the negative impact of adverse work factors on ED providers’ well-being. This review identifies avenues for future research in this field including methodological advances by using quasi-experimental and prospective designs, representative samples, and adequate confounder control. Trial registration: Protocol registration number: PROSPERO 2016 CRD42016037220

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Schneider & Matthias Weigl, 2018. "Associations between psychosocial work factors and provider mental well-being in emergency departments: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0197375
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197375
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    1. Yen-Ju Lin, Blossom & Hsu, Chung-Ping C. & Juan, Chi-Wen & Lin, Cheng-Chieh & Lin, Hung-Jung & Chen, Jih-Chang, 2011. "The role of leader behaviors in hospital-based emergency departments' unit performance and employee work satisfaction," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 238-246, January.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    3. Sarah L Brand & Jo Thompson Coon & Lora E Fleming & Lauren Carroll & Alison Bethel & Katrina Wyatt, 2017. "Whole-system approaches to improving the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(12), pages 1-26, December.
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    1. Javier Guerrero Fonseca & Carmen Romo-Barrientos & Juan José Criado-Álvarez & Jaime González-González & José Luis Martín-Conty & Alicia Mohedano-Moriano & Antonio Viñuela, 2020. "Occupational Psychosocial Factors in Primary Care Continuing Care Staff," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-9, September.
    2. Frédéric Dutheil & Lénise M. Parreira & Bruno Pereira & Maryse Baldet & Frédérique Marson & Christine Chabaud & Magali Blot & Julien S. Baker & Marek Zak & Guillaume Vallet & Valentin Magnon & Maëlys , 2023. "SOphrology Intervention to Improve WELL-Being in Hospital Staff (SO-WELL): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-14, January.
    3. María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes & María del Mar Molero Jurado & África Martos Martínez & José Jesús Gázquez Linares, 2018. "New Burnout Evaluation Model Based on the Brief Burnout Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties for Nursing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Susanna Perä & Therese Hellman & Fredrik Molin & Magnus Svartengren, 2021. "Development Work in Healthcare: What Supportive and Deterrent Factors Do Employees Working in a Hospital Department Experience in an Improved Work Environment?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.

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