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Recurrent, Robust and Scalable Patterns Underlie Human Approach and Avoidance

Author

Listed:
  • Byoung Woo Kim
  • David N Kennedy
  • Joseph Lehár
  • Myung Joo Lee
  • Anne J Blood
  • Sang Lee
  • Roy H Perlis
  • Jordan W Smoller
  • Robert Morris
  • Maurizio Fava
  • Hans C Breiter
  • for the Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders (PGP)

Abstract

Background: Approach and avoidance behavior provide a means for assessing the rewarding or aversive value of stimuli, and can be quantified by a keypress procedure whereby subjects work to increase (approach), decrease (avoid), or do nothing about time of exposure to a rewarding/aversive stimulus. To investigate whether approach/avoidance behavior might be governed by quantitative principles that meet engineering criteria for lawfulness and that encode known features of reward/aversion function, we evaluated whether keypress responses toward pictures with potential motivational value produced any regular patterns, such as a trade-off between approach and avoidance, or recurrent lawful patterns as observed with prospect theory. Methodology/Principal Findings: Three sets of experiments employed this task with beautiful face images, a standardized set of affective photographs, and pictures of food during controlled states of hunger and satiety. An iterative modeling approach to data identified multiple law-like patterns, based on variables grounded in the individual. These patterns were consistent across stimulus types, robust to noise, describable by a simple power law, and scalable between individuals and groups. Patterns included: (i) a preference trade-off counterbalancing approach and avoidance, (ii) a value function linking preference intensity to uncertainty about preference, and (iii) a saturation function linking preference intensity to its standard deviation, thereby setting limits to both. Conclusions/Significance: These law-like patterns were compatible with critical features of prospect theory, the matching law, and alliesthesia. Furthermore, they appeared consistent with both mean-variance and expected utility approaches to the assessment of risk. Ordering of responses across categories of stimuli demonstrated three properties thought to be relevant for preference-based choice, suggesting these patterns might be grouped together as a relative preference theory. Since variables in these patterns have been associated with reward circuitry structure and function, they may provide a method for quantitative phenotyping of normative and pathological function (e.g., psychiatric illness).

Suggested Citation

  • Byoung Woo Kim & David N Kennedy & Joseph Lehár & Myung Joo Lee & Anne J Blood & Sang Lee & Roy H Perlis & Jordan W Smoller & Robert Morris & Maurizio Fava & Hans C Breiter & for the Phenotype Genotyp, 2010. "Recurrent, Robust and Scalable Patterns Underlie Human Approach and Avoidance," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(5), pages 1-25, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0010613
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010613
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky, 2013. "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 6, pages 99-127, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
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    Cited by:

    1. Emanuel A. Azcona & Byoung-Woo Kim & Nicole L. Vike & Sumra Bari & Shamal Lalvani & Leandros Stefanopoulos & Sean Woodward & Martin Block & Aggelos K. Katsaggelos & Hans C. Breiter, 2022. "Discrete, recurrent, and scalable patterns in human judgement underlie affective picture ratings," Papers 2203.06448, arXiv.org.

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