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Current Account Imbalances and Capital Formation in Industrial Countries, 1949-81 (Déséquilibres des transactions courantes et formation de capital dans les pays industrialisés, 1949-81) (Los desequilibrios en cuenta corriente y la formación de capital en los países industriales, 1949-81)

Author

Listed:
  • Alessandro Penati

    (International Monetary Fund)

  • Michael Dooley

    (International Monetary Fund)

Abstract

This paper studies the role of domestic and foreign savings in financing capital formation in 19 industrial countries during the years after World War II. The authors' interpretation of the statistical evidence is that there is very little support for the view that, over the medium term, goods and services freed by savings in one industrial country are systematically made available through current account imbalances to finance investment in physical capital in other industrial countries. Instead, there is strong support for the view that both levels and changes in domestic savings are systematically matched by levels and changes in domestic investment. The close relationship between domestic savings and domestic investment over this period suggests that resources did not flow from one country to another in order to equalize rates of return on real capital. The study also finds little support for the view that the integration of financial capital markets in recent years has altered the relationships among domestic savings, investment, and current account imbalances in industrial countries. The evidence suggests that changes in net foreign assets, and the associated current account imbalances, were no more sensitive to cross-country differences in rates of return on physical capital in the ten years ending in 1981 than they had been in the 1950s, when extensive capital controls and trade restrictions hampered the economic integration of the industrial countries. /// La présente étude porte sur le rôle de l'épargne intérieure et extérieure dans le financement de la formation de capital dans 19 pays industrialisés depuis la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale. Selon l'interprétation que les auteurs donnent des statistiques disponibles, il y a très peu d'éléments en faveur de la thèse selon laquelle, dans le moyen terme, les biens et services libérés par l'épargne dans un pays industrialisé sont systématiquement offerts, par le biais des déséquilibres des transactions courantes, pour financer les investissements en capital matériel dans d'autres pays industrialisés. Il existe en revanche de nombreuses indications qui corroborent la thèse selon laquelle les niveaux et variations de l'épargne intérieure ont systématiquement pour contrepartie les niveaux et variations de l'investissement intérieur. La relation étroite entre l'épargne intérieure et l'investissement intérieur pendant la période considérée donne à penser qu'il n'y a pas eu de flux de ressources d'un pays à l'autre ayant pour effet d'égaliser les taux de rendement du capital réel. Les auteurs de l'étude ont également trouvé peu d'éléments qui justifient la thèse selon laquelle l'intégration des marchés des capitaux financiers au cours des dernières années a modifié les relations entre l'épargne intérieure, les investissements et les déséquilibres des transactions courantes dans les pays industrialisés. Les faits observés semblent indiquer que les variations des avoirs extérieurs nets et les déséquilibres des transactions courantes dont elles ont été accompagnées n'ont pas été plus sensibles aux différences entre les taux de rendement du capital matériel d'un pays à l'autre durant la décennie qui s'est achevée en 1981 que pendant les années 50, où les mesures étendues de contrôle des mouvements de capitaux et les restrictions commerciales faisaient obstacle à l'intégration économique des pays industrialisés. /// En este estudio se examina la función del ahorro interno y externo en el financiamiento de la formación de capital en 19 países industriales durante los años posteriores a la segunda guerra mundial. Los autores consideran, dada su interpretación de los datos estadísticos, que resulta muy difícil sostener que, a medio plazo, los bienes y servicios liberados por el ahorro de un país industrial quedan sistemáticamente a disposición de otros países industriales mediante los desequilibrios en cuenta corriente, para financiar sus inversiones en capital físico. Por el contrario, hay fuertes razones para pensar que tanto los niveles como las variaciones del ahorro interno se ven sistemáticamente igualados por los niveles y variaciones de la inversión interna. La estrecha relación entre ahorro interno e inversión interna durante el período estudiado indica que los recursos no pasaron de un país a otro para que se equipararan las tasas de rentabilidad del capital real. El estudio tampoco encuentra sostenible la proposición de que la integración de los mercados de capital financiero durante estos últimos años ha alterado las relaciones entre ahorro interno, inversión y desequilibrios en cuenta corriente en los países industriales. Los datos obtenidos hacen pensar más bien que las variaciones del volumen de activos exteriores netos, y los desequilibrios en cuenta corriente relacionados con ellas, no fueron más sensibles a las diferencias entre países en las tasas de rentabilidad del capital físico durante el decenio finalizado en 1981 que durante el decenio de 1950, cuando la generalización de los controles de capital y las restricciones comerciales obstaculizaron la integración económica de los países industriales.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Penati & Michael Dooley, 1984. "Current Account Imbalances and Capital Formation in Industrial Countries, 1949-81 (Déséquilibres des transactions courantes et formation de capital dans les pays industrialisés, 1949-81) (Los deseq," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 31(1), pages 1-24, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:imfstp:v:31:y:1984:i:1:p:1-24
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    Cited by:

    1. Glick, Reuven & Rogoff, Kenneth, 1995. "Global versus country-specific productivity shocks and the current account," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 159-192, February.
    2. Jérome Hericourt & Mathilde Maurel, 2006. "A new look at the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle: a European-regional perspective," Brussels Economic Review, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 49(2), pages 147-168.
    3. Bellod Redondo, José Francisco, 1996. "Ahorro e inversión en el largo plazo: El caso de la América Latina," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 63(251), pages 1113-1137, julio-sep.
    4. Arusha Cooray & Dipendra Sinha, 2007. "The Feldstein-Horioka model re-visited for African countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(12), pages 1501-1510.
    5. Herrmann, Sabine & Jochem, Axel, 2005. "Determinants of current account developments in the central and east European EU member states - consequences for the enlargement of the euro area," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2005,32, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    6. Chakrabarti, Avik, 2006. "The saving-investment relationship revisited: New evidence from multivariate heterogeneous panel cointegration analyses," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 402-419, June.
    7. Jansen, W. Jos, 1997. "Can the intertemporal budget constraint explain the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 77-83, September.
    8. Ilir MITEZA, 2012. "Fiscal Deficits, Current Deficits and Investment: A Panel Causality Framework of 20 OECD countries," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 12(1).
    9. Apergis, Nicholas & Tsoumas, Chris, 2009. "A survey of the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle: What has been done and where we stand," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 64-76, June.
    10. László Kónya, 2015. "Saving and investment rates in the BRICS countries," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 429-449, April.
    11. Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen & Chakrabarti, Avik, 2005. "Openness, size, and the saving-investment relationship," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 283-293, September.
    12. Tsung Wu Ho, 1999. "Export-orientation and investment-saving correlation: a case of Taiwan," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(7), pages 805-813.
    13. Yoke-Kee Eng & Muzafar Habibullah, 2006. "Assessing International Capital Mobility in East Asian Economies: A Panel Error-Correction Approach," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 411-423.
    14. Smruti Ranjan Behera, 2015. "International Capital Mobility and Saving-Investment Relationship in the Newly Industrialized Countries," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 287-308, May.
    15. Tsung-wu Ho & Ru-Lin Chiu, 2001. "Country Size and Investment-Saving Correlation: A Panel Threshold Error Correction Model," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 27(4), pages 481-490, Fall.

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