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Limited influence of irrigation on pre-monsoon heat stress in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Author

Listed:
  • Roshan Jha

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

  • Arpita Mondal

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
    Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

  • Anjana Devanand

    (University of New South Wales
    University of New South Wales)

  • M. K. Roxy

    (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology)

  • Subimal Ghosh

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
    Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

Abstract

Hot extremes are anticipated to be more frequent and more intense under climate change, making the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India, with a 400 million population, vulnerable to heat stress. Recent studies suggest that irrigation has significant cooling and moistening effects over this region. While large-scale irrigation is prevalent in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the two major cropping seasons, Kharif (Jun-Sep) and Rabi (Nov-Feb), hot extremes are reported in the pre-monsoon months (Apr-May) when irrigation activities are minimal. Here, using observed irrigation data and regional climate model simulations, we show that irrigation effects on heat stress during pre-monsoon are 4.9 times overestimated with model-simulated irrigation as prescribed in previous studies. We find that irrigation increases relative humidity by only 2.5%, indicating that irrigation is a non-crucial factor enhancing the moist heat stress. On the other hand, we detect causal effects of aerosol abundance on the daytime land surface temperature. Our study highlights the need to consider actual irrigation data in testing model-driven hypotheses related to the land-atmosphere feedback driven by human water management.

Suggested Citation

  • Roshan Jha & Arpita Mondal & Anjana Devanand & M. K. Roxy & Subimal Ghosh, 2022. "Limited influence of irrigation on pre-monsoon heat stress in the Indo-Gangetic Plain," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31962-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31962-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wim Thiery & Auke J. Visser & Erich M. Fischer & Mathias Hauser & Annette L. Hirsch & David M. Lawrence & Quentin Lejeune & Edouard L. Davin & Sonia I. Seneviratne, 2020. "Warming of hot extremes alleviated by expanding irrigation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
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    3. Singh, Karam, 2009. "Act to Save Groundwater in Punjab: Its Impact on Water Table, Electricity Subsidy and Environment," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 22(Conferenc).
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