IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/mth/ber888/v4y2014i1p108-132.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Convertibility of Capital Account: A Comparative Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Md. Ariful Islam
  • Md. Rayhan Islam
  • Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqui
  • Luthful Karim

Abstract

Convertibility of capital account ¨C the complete elimination of all capital controls ¨C was often treated in the 1990s as an integral element of the market liberalization that was being urged on emerging markets. In the middle of the decade there was even talk of making it an objective of international policy that would be embodied (as a long-term target) in the IMF Articles. This study attempts to focus on issues and experiences of other countries regarding capital account convertibility and figures out lessons for Bangladesh. Fischer (1998, p.2) wrote, ¡°capital account liberalization is an inevitable step on the path of international development, which cannot be avoided and should be embraced. After all, the most advanced economies have open capital accounts.¡± Until the Asian Crisis, discussion of capital account convertibility focused on sequencing issues, and speed. In the aftermath of the crisis, the emphasis has shifted to caution regarding capital account convertibility. In our country Capital Account is not convertible. However, experiences from Latin America (Mexico, Chile etc.) and very recently from Asia (Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippine etc.) showed that financial opening involves substantial risks and can be ended in financial crash. A lot of improvement and precautionary measures are required before going for Capital Account convertibility. Bangladesh Taka has been declared convertible on current account transaction since 20th October, 1993 and accordingly on the 11th April, 1994 Bangladesh has been awarded with Article VIII status of International Monetary Fund (IMF) Articles of Agreement. Convertibility of Taka in Current Account has a lot of impacts on Balance of Payment position. Right after the reform measures, exports show an increasing trend at an increasing rate from the year 1994-95 to 1997-98. After the convertibility of Bangladesh Taka in different currencies, the export volume takes a rising trend due to flexibility in exchange rate regulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Ariful Islam & Md. Rayhan Islam & Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqui & Luthful Karim, 2014. "Convertibility of Capital Account: A Comparative Analysis," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 108-132, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:mth:ber888:v:4:y:2014:i:1:p:108-132
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ber/article/view/4711/4569
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ber/article/view/4711
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fischer, S. & Cooper, R.N. & Dornbusch, R. & Garber, P.M. & Massad, C. & Polak, J.J. & Rodrik, D. & Tarapore, S.S., 1998. "Should the IMF Pursue Capital-Account Convertibility?," Princeton Essays in International Economics 207, International Economics Section, Departement of Economics Princeton University,.
    2. repec:wbk:wbpubs:12425 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Michael W. Klein & Giovanni P. Olivei, 1999. "Capital account liberalization, financial depth, and economic growth," Working Papers 99-6, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    4. McKinnon, Ronald I., 1979. "Money in International Exchange: The Convertible Currency System," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195024098.
    5. Richard N. Cooper, 1999. "Should Capital Controls be Banished?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 30(1), pages 89-142.
    6. Claudia Echeverria & Mr. Salim M. Darbar & Mr. R. B. Johnston, 1997. "Sequencing Capital Account Liberalization: Lessons From the Experiences in Chile, Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand," IMF Working Papers 1997/157, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Mr. Akira Ariyoshi & Mr. Andrei A Kirilenko & Ms. Inci Ötker & Mr. Bernard J Laurens & Mr. Jorge I Canales Kriljenko & Mr. Karl F Habermeier, 2000. "Capital Controls: Country Experiences with Their Use and Liberalization," IMF Occasional Papers 2000/009, International Monetary Fund.
    8. World Bank, 2005. "World Development Indicators 2005," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 12426, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Maria Afreen, 2020. "Review Paper on Composite Leading Index Creation for Forecasting the Bangladeshi Financial Sector," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 9(4), pages 23-32, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ghosh, Atish R. & Ostry, Jonathan D. & Qureshi, Mahvash S., 2018. "Taming the Tide of Capital Flows: A Policy Guide," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262037165, December.
    2. Kristin J. Forbes, 2007. "The Microeconomic Evidence on Capital Controls: No Free Lunch," NBER Chapters, in: Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies, Practices, and Consequences, pages 171-202, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Barry Eichengreen & David Leblang, 2003. "Capital account liberalization and growth: was Mr. Mahathir right?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(3), pages 205-224.
    4. Artor Nuhiu & Arber Hoti & Lulzim Krasniqi, 2012. "Th? Imp?ct of F?n?nc??l R?port?ng of Sm?ll ?nd M?d?um S?z?d Ent?rpr?s?s ?n Econom?c D?v?lopm?nt of B?lk?n Countr??s," Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 2(2), pages 70-82, April.
    5. K.S. Jomo & Ilene Grabel & Gerald Epstein, 2003. "Capital Management Techniques In Developing Countries: An Assessment of Experiences From the 1990s and Lessons for the Future," Working Papers wp56, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    6. Assaf Razin & Yona Rubinstein, 2006. "Evaluation of currency regimes: the unique role of sudden stops [‘Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 21(45), pages 120-152.
    7. Markus Diehl, 1999. "Wechselkurspolitik, Abfolge von Reformschritten und die "Internationale Finanzarchitektur": Lehren aus der Asienkrise 1997/98," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 68(1), pages 57-67.
    8. Braun, Matias & Raddatz, Claudio, 2007. "Trade liberalization, capital account liberalization and the real effects of financial development," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 730-761, September.
    9. Chen, Jinzhao & Quang, Thérèse, 2014. "The impact of international financial integration on economic growth: New evidence on threshold effects," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 475-489.
    10. Gochoco-Bautista, Maria Socorro & Remolona, Eli M., 2012. "Going Regional: How to Deepen ASEAN's Financial Markets," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 300, Asian Development Bank.
    11. Edison, Hali J. & Levine, Ross & Ricci, Luca & Slok, Torsten, 2002. "International financial integration and economic growth," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 749-776, November.
    12. Kitano, Shigeto, 2011. "Capital controls and welfare," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 700-710.
    13. Sweta Saxena & Kar-yiu Wong, 1999. "Currency Crises and Capital Control: A Survey," Working Papers 0045, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
    14. Hans-Joachim Voth, 2003. "Convertibility, currency controls and the cost of capital in Western Europe, 1950-1999," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(3), pages 255-276.
    15. Jonas Vlachos & Daniel Waldenström, 2005. "International financial liberalization and industry growth," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(3), pages 263-284.
    16. Eric Berr & François Combarnous & Eric Rougier, 2005. "Too much consensus could be harmful : measuring the degree of implementation of the Washington consensus and its impact on economic growth," Documents de travail 116, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
    17. Winston Moore, 2013. "Quantifying the effects of capital controls in small states," Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 190-203, September.
    18. Chen, Jinzhao & Quang, Thérèse, 2014. "The impact of international financial integration on economic growth: New evidence on threshold effects," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 475-489.
    19. Jarita Duasa & Paul Mosley, 2006. "Capital Controls Re‐examined: The Case for ‘Smart’ Controls," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(9), pages 1203-1226, September.
    20. Campion, Mary Kathryn & Neumann, Rebecca M., 2004. "Compositional effects of capital controls: evidence from Latin America," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 161-178, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Convertibility; Capital account; IMF; Currencies; Export; Import;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:mth:ber888:v:4:y:2014:i:1:p:108-132. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Technical Support Office (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ber .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.