IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/regeco/v46y2014i1p80-111.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Credit unions and risk

Author

Listed:
  • David Ely

Abstract

The structure of the credit union industry has been transformed by regulatory changes and the subsequent switch by many credit unions to community and multiple-bond fields of membership. This study explores the impact of these trends by testing for differences in risk across credit unions with different field-of-membership types. In tests for differences in risk of bankruptcy and of breaching regulatory standards, risk is found to be greater for credit unions with broader field-of-membership types. These differences in risk appear to derive from greater earnings volatility and lower ROA and net-worth ratios at community and multiple-bond credit unions. These differences in risk decline with greater asset size. Evidence is also presented that credit unions that switched from single-bond institutions to broader field-of-membership types now operate with greater risk. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Suggested Citation

  • David Ely, 2014. "Credit unions and risk," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 80-111, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:regeco:v:46:y:2014:i:1:p:80-111
    DOI: 10.1007/s11149-013-9241-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11149-013-9241-8
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11149-013-9241-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kevin Davis, 1994. "Prudential Regulation and Australian Credit Unions," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 19(1), pages 31-46, June.
    2. Kane, Edward J. & Hendershott, Robert, 1996. "The federal deposit insurance fund that didn't put a bite on U.S. taxpayers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(8), pages 1305-1327, September.
    3. Smith, Donald J, 1984. "A Theoretic Framework for the Analysis of Credit Union Decision Making," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 39(4), pages 1155-1168, September.
    4. W. Scott Frame & Gordon V. Karels & Christine McClatchey, 2002. "The Effect of the Common Bond and Membership Expansion on Credit Union Risk," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 37(4), pages 613-636, November.
    5. John R. Walter, 2006. "Not your father's credit union," Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, vol. 92(Fall), pages 353-377.
    6. Nicola Cetorelli & Linda S Goldberg, 2011. "Global Banks and International Shock Transmission: Evidence from the Crisis," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 59(1), pages 41-76, April.
    7. Boyd, John H. & Graham, Stanley L. & Hewitt, R. Shawn, 1993. "Bank holding company mergers with nonbank financial firms: Effects on the risk of failure," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 43-63, February.
    8. Lepetit, Laetitia & Nys, Emmanuelle & Rous, Philippe & Tarazi, Amine, 2008. "Bank income structure and risk: An empirical analysis of European banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1452-1467, August.
    9. Allen N. Berger & Christa H. S. Bouwman, 2009. "Bank Liquidity Creation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(9), pages 3779-3837, September.
    10. Goddard, John & McKillop, Donal & Wilson, John O.S., 2008. "The diversification and financial performance of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1836-1849, September.
    11. Laeven, Luc & Levine, Ross, 2009. "Bank governance, regulation and risk taking," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(2), pages 259-275, August.
    12. John H. Boyd & Stanley L. Graham, 1988. "The profitability and risk effects of allowing bank holding companies to merge with other financial firms: a simulation study," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 12(Spr), pages 3-20.
    13. Smith, Donald J & Cargill, Thomas F & Meyer, Robert A, 1981. "An Economic Theory of a Credit Union," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 519-528, May.
    14. Neil Esho & Paul Kofman & Ian Sharpe, 2005. "Diversification, Fee Income, and Credit Union Risk," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 27(3), pages 259-281, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nguyen, Lan Thi Mai & Luu, Hiep Ngoc & Nguyen, Thao Thi Phuong, 2022. "The impact of interest rate policy on credit union lending during a crisis period," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    2. Gomez-Biscarri, Javier & López-Espinosa, Germán & Mesa-Toro, Andrés, 2021. "The risk implications of the business loan activity in credit unions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    3. van Rijn, Jordan, 2018. "The Effect of Membership Expansion on Credit Union Risk and Returns," Staff Paper Series 588, University of Wisconsin, Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    4. Stone, Anna-Leigh, 2023. "Faith-based credit unions and credit risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    5. Katherine Campbell & Cullen F. Goenner & Matthew Notbohm & Adam Smedema, 2022. "Political ideology and CEO performance under crisis," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 329-359, January.
    6. Naaman, Christine & Magnan, Michel & Hammami, Ahmad & Yao, Li, 2021. "Credit unions vs. commercial banks, who takes more risk?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    7. Helyoth Hessou & Van Son Lai, 2017. "Basel III Capital Buffers and Canadian Credit Unions Lending: Impact of The Credit Cycle and The Business Cycle," Working Papers 2017-009, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    8. Goenner, Cullen F, 2016. "The policy impact of new rules for loan participation on credit union returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 198-210.
    9. Christian Ewerhart & Robertas Zubrickas, 2019. "Social preference and group identity in the financial cooperative," ECON - Working Papers 332, Department of Economics - University of Zurich.
    10. Javier Gómez‐Biscarri & Germán López‐Espinosa & Andrés Mesa‐Toro, 2022. "Drivers of depositor discipline in credit unions," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(4), pages 849-885, December.
    11. Cullen F. Goenner, 2018. "The market for private student loans: an analysis of credit union exposure, risk, and returns," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1227-1251, May.
    12. Hessou, Helyoth & Lai, Van Son, 2018. "Basel III capital buffers and Canadian credit unions lending: Impact of the credit cycle and the business cycle," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 23-39.
    13. Hessou, Helyoth & Lai, Van Son, 2017. "Basel III capital buffer requirements and credit union prudential regulation: Canadian evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 92-110.
    14. McKillop, Donal & French, Declan & Quinn, Barry & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    15. Helyoth Hessou & Van Son Lai, 2017. "Basel III Capital Buffer Requirements and Credit Union Prudential Regulation: Canadian Evidence," Working Papers 2017-007, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    16. Jalal El Fadil & Helyoth Hessou, 2024. "Performance and Assets and Liabilities Management in the U.S. Credit Union," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christian Ewerhart & Robertas Zubrickas, 2019. "Social preference and group identity in the financial cooperative," ECON - Working Papers 332, Department of Economics - University of Zurich.
    2. Cullen F. Goenner, 2018. "The market for private student loans: an analysis of credit union exposure, risk, and returns," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1227-1251, May.
    3. van Rijn, Jordan, 2018. "The Effect of Membership Expansion on Credit Union Risk and Returns," Staff Paper Series 588, University of Wisconsin, Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    4. McKillop, Donal & French, Declan & Quinn, Barry & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    5. Wang, Chunyang & Lin, Yongjia, 2021. "Income diversification and bank risk in Asia Pacific," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    6. Helyoth Hessou & Van Son Lai, 2017. "Basel III Capital Buffer Requirements and Credit Union Prudential Regulation: Canadian Evidence," Working Papers 2017-007, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    7. Hessou, Helyoth & Lai, Van Son, 2017. "Basel III capital buffer requirements and credit union prudential regulation: Canadian evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 92-110.
    8. Mohsen Afsharian & Anna Kryvko & Peter Reichling, 2011. "Efficiency and Its Impact on the Performance of European Commercial Banks," FEMM Working Papers 110018, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Economics and Management.
    9. Unda, Luisa A. & Ranasinghe, Dinithi, 2021. "To pay or not pay: Board remuneration and insolvency risk in credit unions," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    10. Javier Gómez‐Biscarri & Germán López‐Espinosa & Andrés Mesa‐Toro, 2022. "Drivers of depositor discipline in credit unions," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(4), pages 849-885, December.
    11. Wheelock, David C. & Wilson, Paul W., 2013. "The evolution of cost-productivity and efficiency among US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 75-88.
    12. Wilson, John O.S. & Casu, Barbara & Girardone, Claudia & Molyneux, Philip, 2010. "Emerging themes in banking: Recent literature and directions for future research," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 153-169.
    13. Allen N. Berger & Sadok El Ghoul & Omrane Guedhami & Raluca A. Roman, 2017. "Internationalization and Bank Risk," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(7), pages 2283-2301, July.
    14. Jorge Andrés Munoz Mendoza & Sandra María Sepúlveda-Yelpo & Carmen Lissette Veloso-Ramos & Carlos Leandro Delgado-Fuentealba, 2020. "Market Concentration and Income Diversification: Do They Always Promote the Financial Stability of Banking Industry?," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 12(2), pages 341-365, August.
    15. Gregory McKee & Albert Kagan, 2016. "Determinants of recent structural change for small asset U.S. credit unions," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 775-795, October.
    16. Geoffrey Rubin & George Overstreet & Peter Beling & Kanshukan Rajaratnam, 2013. "A dynamic theory of the credit union," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 205(1), pages 29-53, May.
    17. Nguyen, Linh H. & Wilson, John O.S. & Le, Tuan Q. & Luu, Hiep N. & Nguyen, Tram-Anh & Vo, Vinh X., 2022. "Deposit insurance and credit union lending," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    18. Köhler, Matthias, 2015. "Which banks are more risky? The impact of business models on bank stability," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 195-212.
    19. R. Raymond Sant & Stephen B. Carter, 2015. "Acquired Credit Unions: Drivers of Takeover," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 5(8), pages 18-33, August.
    20. Ion LAPTEACRU, 2022. "What drives the risk of European banks during crises? New evidence and insights," Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 2022-02, Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Credit unions; Field of membership; Risk; Credit Union Membership Access Act; National Credit Union Administration; G21; G28;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:regeco:v:46:y:2014:i:1:p:80-111. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.