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Measuring the Integration of Social and Environmental Missions in Hybrid Organizations

Author

Listed:
  • Edward N. Gamble

    (Montana State University)

  • Simon C. Parker

    (Western University
    University of Aberdeen)

  • Peter W. Moroz

    (Hill/Levene School of Business)

Abstract

This paper introduces a new typology and associated measure of social and environmental mission integration (SEMI) by conceptually framing a feature of hybrid organizations—the degree of integration of their revenue model and social–environmental mission. The SEMI measure is illustrated using a hand-collected sample of 256 North American Certified B Corporations. We explore the heterogeneity of SEMI scores by identifying external-facing correlates and demonstrate non-congruence with Certified B Corporation’s audit results. Overall, our findings advance existing knowledge of these hybrid organizations and how they balance their social–environmental missions with their economic objectives.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward N. Gamble & Simon C. Parker & Peter W. Moroz, 2020. "Measuring the Integration of Social and Environmental Missions in Hybrid Organizations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 167(2), pages 271-284, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:167:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10551-019-04146-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04146-3
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    Cited by:

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    3. Liliana Ávila & Luís Miguel D. F. Ferreira & Marlene Amorim, 2021. "What is different about social enterprises’ operational practices and capabilities?," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 318-336, December.
    4. Vincenzo Riso & Mouhcine Tallaki & Enrico Bracci & Silvia Cantele, 2024. "The transition towards benefit corporations: What are the roles for stakeholders?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 904-916, February.
    5. Nitha Palakshappa & Sarah Dodds & Suzanne Grant, 2024. "Tension and Paradox in Women-Oriented Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: A Duality of Ethics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(2), pages 327-346, March.
    6. Valerie Paelman & Philippe Van Cauwenberge & Heidi Vander Bauwhede, 2021. "The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    7. Vladasel, Theodor & Parker, Simon C. & Sloof, Randolph & van Praag, Mirjam C., 2022. "Revenue Drift, Incentives, and Effort Allocation in Social Enterprises," IZA Discussion Papers 15716, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Rosaria Ferlito & Rosario Faraci, 2022. "Sustainable Hybrid Business Model of Benefit Corporation: The Case of an Italian Film Production Company," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-17, May.
    9. Mara Del Baldo & Federica Palazzi, 2023. "High-Growth Benefit Corporations: Leveraging on Intangibles—Insights from Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.

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