IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i9p4904-d797286.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Venture Creation in Nigerian Context: Assessing Mediating and Moderating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Support among Graduates

Author

Listed:
  • Shehu Rabiah Na-Allah

    (Department of Business Administration, Gombe State University, Gombe PMB 0127, Nigeria
    School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Noor Hazlina Ahmad

    (Department of Business Administration, Gombe State University, Gombe PMB 0127, Nigeria
    School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

Abstract

Over-reliance on hired jobs in the public and private sectors of the Nigerian economy has discouraged most graduates from becoming entrepreneurs. This leads to unemployment, poverty and low economic growth that breed insecurity. Drawing from the formative perspective, this study analyzed the mediating role of self-efficacy (SELF) and the moderating effect of entrepreneurial support (ENTSP) in relation to individual-level entrepreneurial orientation (ILEO; innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness) and venture creation (VC) among Nigerian graduates. A reflective/formative type II method was applied to test the model’s relationships using 291 survey responses. The result of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) reveals that the indirect relationship between ILEO and VC through SELF was positive and significant but negatively moderated by ENTSP, implying that not all instances of ILEO will result in VC through SELF because ILEO can directly lead to VC. The finding also indicates ENTSP did not have an impact on strengthening the relationship between SELF and VC. A limitation lies in the chosen method that weakens the generalizability of the result, but future studies considering a longitudinal survey are suggested. This study extends the entrepreneurial orientation model to enhance the venture creation literature theoretically and practically. We recommend intervention agencies to initiate effective ENTSP covering financial, non-financial and incubation services required to boost VC activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Shehu Rabiah Na-Allah & Noor Hazlina Ahmad, 2022. "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Venture Creation in Nigerian Context: Assessing Mediating and Moderating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Support among Graduates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:4904-:d:797286
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4904/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4904/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Katharina Fellnhofer, 2018. "Entrepreneurially oriented employees and firm performance: mediating effects," Management Research Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(1), pages 25-48, October.
    2. Jeffrey G. Covin & G.T. Lumpkin, 2011. "Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Research: Reflections on a Needed Construct," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(5), pages 855-872, September.
    3. Lu Xin & Fangcheng Tang & Mengyi Li & Wenxia Zhou, 2020. "From School to Work: Improving Graduates’ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Marko Sarstedt & Christian M. Ringle & Joseph F. Hair, 2022. "Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling," Springer Books, in: Christian Homburg & Martin Klarmann & Arnd Vomberg (ed.), Handbook of Market Research, pages 587-632, Springer.
    5. Jingjing Wu & Ayman Alshaabani & Ildikó Rudnák, 2022. "Testing the Influence of Self-Efficacy and Demographic Characteristics among International Students on Entrepreneurial Intention in the Context of Hungary," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
    6. Cai Li & Naveed Ahmed & Sikandar Ali Qalati & Asadullah Khan & Shumaila Naz, 2020. "Role of Business Incubators as a Tool for Entrepreneurship Development: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Business Start-Up and Government Regulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-23, February.
    7. Gatewood, Elizabeth J. & Shaver, Kelly G. & Gartner, William B., 1995. "A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviors and success at venture creation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 371-391, September.
    8. Nadia Simoes & Nuno Crespo & Sandrina B. Moreira, 2016. "Individual Determinants Of Self-Employment Entry: What Do We Really Know?," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 783-806, September.
    9. Bin Othman, Muhammad Fuad & Nazariah, Osman Binti & Mohammed, Isah Shehu, 2019. "Restructuring Nigeria: The Dilemma and Critical Issues," Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, CSRC Publishing, Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy Pakistan, vol. 5(1), pages 79-98, June.
    10. Kock, Ned, 2019. "Factor-based structural equation modeling with WarpPLS," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 57-63.
    11. Lumpkin, G. T. & Dess, Gregory G., 2001. "Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 429-451, September.
    12. Bradley A. George, 2011. "Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Differing Construct Representations," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48, pages 1291-1313, September.
    13. Danny Miller, 2011. "Miller (1983) Revisited: A Reflection on EO Research and Some Suggestions for the Future," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(5), pages 873-894, September.
    14. Adam Adem Anyebe, 2017. "Entrepreneurship Education and Employment in Nigeria," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(3), pages 739-747, March.
    15. Andreas Rauch & Johan Wiklund & G.T. Lumpkin & Michael Frese, 2009. "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of past Research and Suggestions for the Future," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(3), pages 761-787, May.
    16. Cornelius Maas & Patrick Steinhagen & Dorian Proksch & Andreas Pinkwart, 2020. "The role of innovation in venture capital and private equity investments in different investment phases," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 105-126, January.
    17. Takawira Munyaradzi Ndofirepi, 2020. "Relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial goal intentions: psychological traits as mediators," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, December.
    18. Aminu, Alarudeen, 2019. "Characterising Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria as Education-job Mismatch Problem," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 7(2), August.
    19. Dai, Li & Maksimov, Vladislav & Gilbert, Brett Anitra & Fernhaber, Stephanie A., 2014. "Entrepreneurial orientation and international scope: The differential roles of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 511-524.
    20. Sarstedt, Marko & Hair, Joseph F. & Cheah, Jun-Hwa & Becker, Jan-Michael & Ringle, Christian M., 2019. "How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 197-211.
    21. Olawale Fatoki, 2019. "Green entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in South Africa," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 7(1), pages 247-262, September.
    22. Jeffrey G. Covin & William J. Wales, 2019. "Crafting High-Impact Entrepreneurial Orientation Research: Some Suggested Guidelines," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 3-18, January.
    23. Necmi K. Avkiran & Christian M. Ringle (ed.), 2018. "Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling," International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, Springer, number 978-3-319-71691-6, September.
    24. Guo, Liang & Wei, Yinghong Susan & Sharma, Ruchi & Rong, Ke, 2017. "Investigating e-business models’ value retention for start-ups: The moderating role of venture capital investment intensity," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 33-45.
    25. Elli Diakanastasi & Angeliki Karagiannaki & Katerina Pramatari, 2018. "Entrepreneurial Team Dynamics and New Venture Creation Process: An Exploratory Study Within a Start-Up Incubator," SAGE Open, , vol. 8(2), pages 21582440187, June.
    26. Arenius, Pia & Engel, Yuval & Klyver, Kim, 2017. "No particular action needed? A necessary condition analysis of gestation activities and firm emergence," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 87-92.
    27. Dahlqvist, Jonas & Wiklund, Johan, 2012. "Measuring the market newness of new ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 185-196.
    28. Jeffrey G. Covin & Dennis P. Slevin, 1989. "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(1), pages 75-87, January.
    29. Marshall, David R. & Meek, William R. & Swab, R. Gabrielle & Markin, Erik, 2020. "Access to resources and entrepreneurial well-being: A self-efficacy approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 203-212.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rabiah Na-Allah Shehu & Noor Hazlina Ahmad, 2023. "Entrepreneurship education and graduate’s venture creation activities: roles of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial capabilities," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Monica Clarkson Gajere, 2023. "Strategic orientation and performance of SMEs in Nigeria: moderating role of competitive intensity," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rabiah Na-Allah Shehu & Noor Hazlina Ahmad, 2023. "Entrepreneurship education and graduate’s venture creation activities: roles of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial capabilities," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Santos, Gina & Marques, Carla Susana & Ferreira, João J.M., 2020. "Passion and perseverance as two new dimensions of an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 190-199.
    3. Lin Wang & Murad Ali & Hyun Jeong Kim & Sareum Lee & Felipe Hernández Perlines, 2021. "Individual entrepreneurial orientation, value congruence, and individual outcomes: Does the institutional entrepreneurial environment matter?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(5), pages 2293-2312, July.
    4. Zhaoyang Guo & Wei Jiang, 2020. "Risk-taking for entrepreneurial new entry: risk-taking dimensions and contingencies," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 739-781, June.
    5. Zhiwei Yan & Xuerong Peng & Seoki Lee & Leibao Zhang, 2023. "How do multiple cognitions shape corporate proactive environmental strategies? The joint effects of environmental awareness and entrepreneurial orientation," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(4), pages 1592-1617, September.
    6. Jeffrey E. Stambaugh & John Martinez & G. T. Lumpkin & Niyati Kataria, 0. "How well do EO measures and entrepreneurial behavior match?," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-21.
    7. Hunt, Richard A., 2021. "Entrepreneurial orientation and the fate of corporate acquisitions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 241-255.
    8. Katharina Fellnhofer, 2019. "The Complementary Effects Of Firms’ And Team Leaders’ Entrepreneurial Orientation On Innovation Success And Performance," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(05), pages 1-32, June.
    9. Jelle Schepers & Wim Voordeckers & Tensie Steijvers & Eddy Laveren, 2014. "The entrepreneurial orientation–performance relationship in private family firms: the moderating role of socioemotional wealth," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 39-55, June.
    10. Wales, William J. & Kraus, Sascha & Filser, Matthias & Stöckmann, Christoph & Covin, Jeffrey G., 2021. "The status quo of research on entrepreneurial orientation: Conversational landmarks and theoretical scaffolding," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 564-577.
    11. Jeffrey E. Stambaugh & John Martinez & G. T. Lumpkin & Niyati Kataria, 2017. "How well do EO measures and entrepreneurial behavior match?," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 717-737, September.
    12. Timo Tremml & Sabine Löbbe & Andreas Kuckertz, 2022. "Board behavior’s impact on entrepreneurial orientation in public enterprises," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 26(4), pages 1183-1211, December.
    13. Taiwo Hussainat Idiaro & Ibikunle Afeez Kayode & Samuel Oluwatumise Olatunbosun & Bello Taofik Abidemi & Iliyasu Shiyanbade Najeemdeen, 2019. "The Relationship between Entrepreneur Orientation and Performance," Academic Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy Bucharest,"Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University Bucharest, vol. 5(1), pages 31-35, March.
    14. Engelen, Andreas & Kube, Harald & Schmidt, Susanne & Flatten, Tessa Christina, 2014. "Entrepreneurial orientation in turbulent environments: The moderating role of absorptive capacity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(8), pages 1353-1369.
    15. Yan Ling & María Concepción López-Fernández & Ana María Serrano-Bedia & Franz W. Kellermanns, 2020. "Organizational culture and entrepreneurial orientation: examination through a new conceptualization lens," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 709-737, June.
    16. Vishal Gupta & Alka Gupta, 2015. "Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in large organizations over time," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 7-27, March.
    17. Krzysztof Wach, 2015. "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Internationalisation Process: The Theoretical Foundations of International Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 3(2), pages 9-24.
    18. Chabaud, Didier & Sattin, Jean-François, 2019. "Back to the roots! Testing Miller's entrepreneurial orientation construct using Sono-Leontief conditions," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 11(C), pages 1-1.
    19. Gabriel Linton, 2019. "Innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness in startups: a case study and conceptual development," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, December.
    20. Tomasz Ingram & Katarzyna Bratnicka-Myśliwiec & Teresa Kraśnicka & Izabella Steinerowska-Streb, 2022. "Entrepreneurial Orientation as a Determinant of Sustainable Performance in Polish Family and Non-Family Organizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-25, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:4904-:d:797286. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.