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Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Injection into Blast Furnace to Mitigate the Fossil CO 2 Emission

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  • Elsayed Mousa

    (Swerim AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, 97437 Luleå, Sweden
    Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo 12422, Egypt)

  • Kurt Sjöblom

    (Envigas AB, Industrivägen 53, 93252 Bureå, Sweden
    This article is dedicated to the spirit of the co-author Mr. Kurt Sjöblom, who passed away while preparing this article.)

Abstract

Most modern blast furnaces (BFs) operate with Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI), but renewable and carbon neutral biochar could be applied to reduce the fossil CO 2 emission in the short term. In the present study, heat and mass balance-based model (MASMOD) is applied to evaluate the potential of biochar in partial and full replacement of injected pulverized coal (PC) in the ironmaking BF. The impact of biochar injection on the raceway adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT) and top gas temperature (TGT) is evaluated. Three grades of biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of sawdust, were evaluated in this study. The total carbon content was 79.2%, 93.4% and 89.2% in biochar 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while it was 81.6% in the reference PC. For each type of biochar, 6 cases were designed at different injection levels from 30 kg/tHM up to 143 kg/tHM, which represent 100% replacement of PC in the applied case, while the top charged coke is fixed in all cases as reference. The oxygen enrichment, RAFT, and TGT are fixed for certain cases, and have been calculated by MASMOD in other cases to identify the optimum level of biochar injection. The MASMOD calculation showed that as the injection rate of biochar 1 and biochar 2 increased, the RAFT increased by ~190 °C, while TGT decreased by ~45 °C at 100% replacement of PC with biochar. By optimizing the moisture content of biochar and the oxygen enrichment in the blast, it is possible to reach 100% replacement of PC without much affecting the RAFT and TGT. Biochar 3 was able to replace 100% of PC without deteriorating the RAFT or TGT.

Suggested Citation

  • Elsayed Mousa & Kurt Sjöblom, 2022. "Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Injection into Blast Furnace to Mitigate the Fossil CO 2 Emission," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2393-:d:753443
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mousa, Elsayed & Wang, Chuan & Riesbeck, Johan & Larsson, Mikael, 2016. "Biomass applications in iron and steel industry: An overview of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1247-1266.
    2. Suopajärvi, Hannu & Pongrácz, Eva & Fabritius, Timo, 2013. "The potential of using biomass-based reducing agents in the blast furnace: A review of thermochemical conversion technologies and assessments related to sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 511-528.
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