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Investing in Urban Blue–Green Infrastructure—Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Stormwater Management in a Peri-Urban Catchment in Oslo, Norway

Author

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  • Gert-Jan Wilbers

    (Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Karianne de Bruin

    (Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Isabel Seifert-Dähnn

    (Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway)

  • Wiebe Lekkerkerk

    (Netherlands Institute for Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Hong Li

    (Section of Physical Geography and Hydrology, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway)

  • Monserrat Budding-Polo Ballinas

    (Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Cities are challenged by climate change impacts, such as extreme rainfall events that affect conventional urban water management systems via increased sewage water overflows resulting in water quality deterioration and urban floods causing infrastructure damage. Investments in blue–green infrastructure (BGI) are increasingly considered to address these issues. However, these should be cost-effective. In this study, the effectiveness of five different BGI strategies and one grey strategy are assessed for a peri-urban catchment area in Oslo (Grefsen) using a cost–benefit analysis. The strategies include (i) wadis; (ii) green roofs; (iii) raingardens, rain barrels and wadis; (iv) infiltration crates; (v) water squares, and (vi) a separate sewage system. Besides economic effectiveness, the study also aims to identify the proper protection level by comparing cost–benefit ratios and net benefits for 60-min rainfall events occurring once every 5, 20, and 100 years (M5, M20, and M100), concerning both the current situation and under future climate change (using the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). The analyses revealed the highest BC ratios for wadis (12.0–17.3), separate sewage systems (7.7–15.1), and a combination of raingardens, rain barrels, and wadis (1.6–2.3). Strategies dimensioned for less frequent but more intensive rainfall events yielded higher BC ratios. Results for infiltration crates were difficult to interpret and were found to be very sensitive to input parameters. The other strategies implied a negative BC ratio. The study concludes that investments in BGI in Grefsen, Oslo, can be positively judged from a social–economic perspective and provide suitable information for water-related decision makers to decide upon the strategy selection and the appropriate flood protection level.

Suggested Citation

  • Gert-Jan Wilbers & Karianne de Bruin & Isabel Seifert-Dähnn & Wiebe Lekkerkerk & Hong Li & Monserrat Budding-Polo Ballinas, 2022. "Investing in Urban Blue–Green Infrastructure—Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Stormwater Management in a Peri-Urban Catchment in Oslo, Norway," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1934-:d:744657
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    References listed on IDEAS

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