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Impacts of Mechanized Crop Residue Management on Rice-Wheat Cropping System—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Santosh Korav

    (Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University (Phagwara), Phagwara 144411, India)

  • Gandhamanagenahalli A. Rajanna

    (ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh 362001, India)

  • Dharam Bir Yadav

    (RRS Bawal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Venkatesh Paramesha

    (Department of Natural Resource Management, ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa 403402, India)

  • Chandra Mohan Mehta

    (Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University (Phagwara), Phagwara 144411, India)

  • Prakash Kumar Jha

    (Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA)

  • Surendra Singh

    (Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Adams, OR 97810, USA)

  • Shikha Singh

    (Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA)

Abstract

Residue management has become a new challenge for Indian agriculture and agricultural growth, as well as environmental preservation. The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is predominantly followed cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP), resulting in generating a large volume of agricultural residue. Annually, India produces 620 MT of crop residue, with rice and wheat accounting for 234 MT of the surplus and 30% of the total. Farmers are resorting to burning crop residue due to the short window between paddy harvest and seeding of rabi season crops, namely wheat, potato, and vegetables, for speedy field preparation. Burning of residues pollutes the environment, thus having adverse effects on human and animal health, as well as resulted in a loss of plant important elements. This problem is particularly prevalent in rice-wheat-dominant states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. If we may use in situ management as residue retention after chopper and spreader, sowing wheat with Happy seeder/zero drill/special drill with full residue load, full residue, or full residue load incorporation with conventional tillage, burning is not the sole approach for residue management. In addition, off-farm residues generated are being utilized for animal feed and raw materials for industries. While there are regional variations in many mechanization drivers and needs, a wide range of mechanization components can be transported to new places to fit local conditions. This article focuses on innovations, methods, and tactics that are relevant to various mechanization systems in particular geographical areas. This article also stresses the need for a thorough analysis of the amount of residue generated, residue utilization using modern mechanical equipment, and their positive and negative effects on crop yield and yield attributes, weed diversity, soil physic-chemical, biological properties, beneficial, and harmful nematode populations in the IGP, which will aid researchers and policymakers in farming research priorities and policy for ensuring sustainability in RWCS.

Suggested Citation

  • Santosh Korav & Gandhamanagenahalli A. Rajanna & Dharam Bir Yadav & Venkatesh Paramesha & Chandra Mohan Mehta & Prakash Kumar Jha & Surendra Singh & Shikha Singh, 2022. "Impacts of Mechanized Crop Residue Management on Rice-Wheat Cropping System—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15641-:d:982946
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raghuveer Singh & Dharam Bir Yadav & N. Ravisankar & Ashok Yadav & Harpreet Singh, 2020. "Crop residue management in rice–wheat cropping system for resource conservation and environmental protection in north-western India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 3871-3896, June.
    2. Sixolise Mcinga & Lindah Muzangwa & Kudzayi Janhi & Pearson Nyari Stephano Mnkeni, 2020. "Conservation Agriculture Practices Can Improve Earthworm Species Richness and Abundance in the Semi-Arid Climate of Eastern Cape, South Africa," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-12, November.
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    4. Gaurav Kumar Porichha & Yulin Hu & Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara Rao & Chunbao Charles Xu, 2021. "Crop Residue Management in India: Stubble Burning vs. Other Utilizations including Bioenergy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Adam J. Liska & Haishun Yang & Maribeth Milner & Steve Goddard & Humberto Blanco-Canqui & Matthew P. Pelton & Xiao X. Fang & Haitao Zhu & Andrew E. Suyker, 2014. "Biofuels from crop residue can reduce soil carbon and increase CO2 emissions," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 4(5), pages 398-401, May.
    6. Lohan, Shiv Kumar & Jat, H.S. & Yadav, Arvind Kumar & Sidhu, H.S. & Jat, M.L. & Choudhary, Madhu & Peter, Jyotsna Kiran & Sharma, P.C., 2018. "Burning issues of paddy residue management in north-west states of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 693-706.
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    1. Muhammad Shaukat & Ashfaq Ahmad & Tasneem Khaliq & Aaron Kinyu Hoshide & Daniel C. de Abreu, 2023. "Organic Amendments and Reduced Tillage Accelerate Harvestable C Biomass and Soil C Sequestration in Rice–Wheat Rotation in a Semi-Arid Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, April.

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